Ability of γδ T cells to modulate the Foxp3 T cell response is dependent on adenosine.

Whether γδ T cells inhibit or enhance the Foxp3 T cell response depends upon their activation status. The critical enhancing effector in the supernatant is adenosine. Activated γδ T cells express adenosine receptors at high levels, which enables them to deprive Foxp3+ T cells of adenosine, and to inhibit their expansion. Meanwhile, cell-free supernatants of γδ T cell cultures enhance Foxp3 T cell expansion. Thus, inhibition and enhancement by γδ T cells of Foxp3 T cell response are a reflection of the balance between adenosine production and absorption by γδ T cells. Non-activated γδ T cells produce adenosine but bind little, and thus enhance the Foxp3 T cell response. Activated γδ T cells express high density of adenosine receptors and have a greatly increased ability to bind adenosine. Extracellular adenosine metabolism and expression of adenosine receptor A2ARs by γδ T cells played a major role in the outcome of γδ and Foxp3 T cell interactions. A better understanding of the functional conversion of γδ T cells could lead to γδ T cell-targeted immunotherapies for related diseases

Breast cancer distant recurrence lead time interval by detection method in an institutional cohort.

BACKGROUND: Lead time, the interval between screen detection and when a disease would have become clinically evident, has been cited to explain longer survival times in mammography detected breast cancer cases (BC). METHODS: An institutional retrospective cohort study of BC outcomes related to detection method (mammography (MamD) vs. patient (PtD)). Cases were first primary invasive stage I-III BC, age 40-74 years (n = 6603), 1999-2016. Survival time was divided into 1) distant disease-free interval (DDFI) and 2) distant disease-specific survival (DDSS) as two separate time interval outcomes. We measured statistical association between detection method and diagnostic, treatment and outcome variables using bivariate comparisons, Cox proportional hazards analyses and mean comparisons. Outcomes were distant recurrence (n = 422), DDFI and DDSS. RESULTS: 39% of cases were PtD (n = 2566) and 61% were MamD (n = 4037). MamD cases had a higher percentage of Stage I tumors [MamD 69% stage I vs. PtD 31%, p \u3c .001]. Rate of distant recurrence was 11% among PtD BC cases (n = 289) vs. 3% of MamD (n = 133) (p \u3c .001). Order of factor entry into the distant recurrence time interval (DDFI) model was 1) TNM stage (p \u3c .001), 2) HR/HER2 status (p \u3c .001), 3) histologic grade (p = .005) and 4) detection method (p \u3c .001). Unadjusted PtD DDFI mean time was 4.34 years and MamD 5.52 years (p \u3c .001), however when stratified by stage, the most significant factor relative to distant recurrence, there was no significant difference between PtD and MamD BC. Distant disease specific survival time did not differ by detection method. CONCLUSION: We observed breast cancer distant disease-free interval to be primarily associated with stage at diagnosis and tumor characteristics with less contribution of detection method to the full model. Patient and mammography detected breast cancer mean lead time to distant recurrence differed significantly by detection method for all stages but not significantly within stage with no difference in time from distant recurrence to death. Lead time difference related to detection method appears to be present but may be less influential than other factors in distant disease-free and disease specific survival

Treatment of Early and Advanced Hodgkin’s Disease by Radiotherapy

Resumo apresentado no Simpósio Internacional sobre Doença de Hodgkin, realizado no Instituto Nacional de Câncer no Rio de Janeiro — 16 a 20 de Janeiro de 1967. Resumo da apresentação, escrito pelo autor

North Texas Now: Production of a Promotional Film

To supplement student recruiting efforts, the Office of Admissions and Records, North Texas State University (rSU), funded a color sound promotional film, North Texas Now (NTi), describing academic and nonacademic services and activities of NTSU and its surrounding area. NT uses fast-paced montage and contemporary music, and for contrast and historic perspective, it opens and closes with sepia photographs depicting the early days of NTSU. An accompanying production book describes the making of NTN, examines the background against which NT2 was proposed, describes problems and procedures of production, analyzes the film, and offers recommendations for other university film productions

Clinical Staging of Hodgkin’s Disease

Resumo apresentado por Henry S. Kaplan no Simpósio Internacional sobre Doença de Hodgkin, realizado no Instituto Nacional de Câncer no Rio de Janeiro — 16 a 20 de Janeiro de 1967.

STUDIES ON ANEMIA IN F1 HYBRID MICE INJECTED WITH PARENTAL STRAIN LYMPHOID CELLS

The survival of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes has been studied in F1 hybrid mice in which wasting disease was produced by injection of parental lymphoid cells taken either from lymph nodes and thymus or from the spleen. Coincident with the development of the disease syndrome, there occurred a severe anemia accompanied by a sudden loss of circulating labeled erythrocytes, whether host or parental. This finding suggests that the anemia is not due solely to specific immunologic reaction of donor tissue against host erythrocytes

Short-time homomorphic wavelet estimation

Successful wavelet estimation is an essential step for seismic methods like impedance inversion, analysis of amplitude variations with offset and full waveform inversion. Homomorphic deconvolution has long intrigued as a potentially elegant solution to the wavelet estimation problem. Yet a successful implementation has proven difficult. Associated disadvantages like phase unwrapping and restrictions of sparsity in the reflectivity function limit its application. We explore short-time homomorphic wavelet estimation as a combination of the classical homomorphic analysis and log-spectral averaging. The introduced method of log-spectral averaging using a short-term Fourier transform increases the number of sample points, thus reducing estimation variances. We apply the developed method on synthetic and real data examples and demonstrate good performance.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures. 2012 J. Geophys. Eng. 9 67