Investigation of the effect of inorganic nitrate on the cardiovascular system in humans

PhDFruit and vegetable-­‐rich diets reduce blood pressure and risk of ischaemic stroke and ischaemic heart disease. Whilst the cardioprotective effects of a fruit and vegetable-­‐rich diet are unequivocal, the exact mechanisms of this effect remain uncertain. Recent evidence has highlighted the possibility that dietary nitrate, an inorganic anion found in large quantities in vegetables (particularly green leafy vegetables), might have a role to play. This beneficial activity lies in the processing in vivo of nitrate to nitrite (a process that has been traditionally viewed as detrimental) and thence to the pleiotropic molecule nitric oxide. Ingestion of dietary (inorganic) nitrate elevates circulating and tissue levels of nitrite via bioconversion in the entero-­‐salivary circulation. In addition, nitrite is a potent vasodilator in humans; an effect thought to underlie the blood pressure lowering effects of dietary nitrate ingestion. In a series of randomized, cross-­‐over, placebo controlled studies in healthy and hypertensive subjects (n=6-­‐20), I show that single-­‐dose supplementation with either inorganic nitrate capsules (4-­‐24 mmol KNO3) or dietary nitrate (as beetroot juice, 3.3-­‐5.5 mmol nitrate) elevated plasma nitrite levels and reduced blood pressure in a dose-­‐dependent manner. In a separate study, interruption of the entero-­‐salivary circulation with antiseptic mouthwash use for 7 days reduced plasma nitrite levels and elevated blood pressure significantly. Stratification of results by sex revealed important differences in the entero-­‐salivary circulation of nitrate to nitrite that had consequences on resting blood pressure and response to nitrate supplementation. 6 In conclusion, these studies challenge the current dogma that inorganic nitrate is only detrimental, and on the contrary suggests that dietary nitrate is important for cardiovascular health. It may be that sufficient supply of nitrate through the diet together with functioning, oral microflora is essential for normal cardiovascular homeostasis and may be a contributing factor to the lower blood pressure and vasoprotective phenotype of pre-­‐menopausal women. Lastly, the importance of the oral microflora to maintain plasma nitrite levels intimates that oral hygiene treatments may disturb nitrite/nitric oxide homeostasis with potential deleterious effects.British Heart Foundatio

AI and Digital Twins Transforming Healthcare IoT

In this age of digital and smart healthcare, cutting-edge technologies are being used to improve operations, patient well-being, life expectancy, and healthcare costs. Digital Twins (DT) have the potential to significantly change these new technologies. DTs could revolutionise digital healthcare delivery with extraordinary creativity. A digital representation of a physical asset that is always its digital twin due to real-time data processing. This paper proposes and builds a DT-based intelligent healthcare system that is aware of its environment. This approach is a great advance for digital healthcare and could improve service delivery. Our most notable contribution is a machine learning-based electrocardiogram (ECG) classifier model for cardiac diagnostics and early problem detection. Our cardiac models predict some situations with exceptional accuracy when applied to different ways. These findings highlight the potential for Digital Twins in healthcare to create intelligent, comprehensive, and scalable Health-Systems that improve patient-physician communication. Our ECG classifier also sets a precedent for using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to continually monitor wide range of human body data and identify outliers. ECG data processing has improved significantly using neural network-based algorithms over classic machine learning methods. In conclusion, our work integrates digital twins with cutting-edge AI and machine learning to revolutionise healthcare. Future healthcare will be predictive and improve lives

Optimization and Analysis of an Elite Electric Propulsion System

Abstract- Electric propulsion has a promising system to create new possibilities in this technological era as well as control the harmful gaseous emission. This paper put a vision on several parameters of electric propulsion. The engine’s performance is comparable to the current propulsion devices and provides a lightweight solution to the robust technologies’ dependent on chemical energy sources. There are a plethora of factors which is enhanced by electric propulsion such as, overall efficiency, capabilities, and robustness of future air vehicles as well as mainly overcome from exhaust hazards. Electric propulsion systems have the potential of utilizing the electrically-driven propulsion system which is coupled electrically to power-generating devices. As a result, the electric propulsion system operated with greater flexibility and the synergistic benefits of aero-propulsive coupling and enhance performance in comparison with traditional designs. The experimentally calculated thrust of the engine model is approximately 547.6365, Newton

AUTOMATIC BRAKE FAILURE INDICATOR

Today, Machines are widely controlled by automated control system. To meet the need of growing population economic, effective and reliable control of machines as well as their control system is necessary. The main objective of this project is to continuously monitor the braking system at each and every time during the operation of the vehicle. Now a days, accidents are occurring due to lot of reasons, the one of the main reason is brake failure, it caused to due to poor maintenance, improper use and product defect, in order to safe guard the valuable human for accident the accident monitoring of brake is very important issue in automobile. The brake failure indicator circuit is a circuit that monitors constantly of the condition of brakes and provides an audio visual indication. When the brake is applied in order to slow down or to stop the vehicle the green LED blinks and the piezo buzzer beeps for about one second if the brake system is accurate and working properly. If brake system fails the red LED glows and the buzzer do not beep when the brakes are applied

Physiological role for nitrate-reducing oral bacteria in blood pressure control

AbstractCirculating nitrate (NO3−), derived from dietary sources or endogenous nitric oxide production, is extracted from blood by the salivary glands, accumulates in saliva, and is then reduced to nitrite (NO2−) by the oral microflora. This process has historically been viewed as harmful, because nitrite can promote formation of potentially carcinogenic N-nitrosamines. More recent research, however, suggests that nitrite can also serve as a precursor for systemic generation of vasodilatory nitric oxide, and exogenous administration of nitrate reduces blood pressure in humans. However, whether oral nitrate-reducing bacteria participate in “setting” blood pressure is unknown. We investigated whether suppression of the oral microflora affects systemic nitrite levels and hence blood pressure in healthy individuals. We measured blood pressure (clinic, home, and 24-h ambulatory) in 19 healthy volunteers during an initial 7-day control period followed by a 7-day treatment period with a chlorhexidine-based antiseptic mouthwash. Oral nitrate-reducing capacity and nitrite levels were measured after each study period. Antiseptic mouthwash treatment reduced oral nitrite production by 90% (p < 0.001) and plasma nitrite levels by 25% (p = 0.001) compared to the control period. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased by 2–3 .5mmHg, increases correlated to a decrease in circulating nitrite concentrations (r2 = 0.56, p = 0.002). The blood pressure effect appeared within 1 day of disruption of the oral microflora and was sustained during the 7-day mouthwash intervention. These results suggest that the recycling of endogenous nitrate by oral bacteria plays an important role in determination of plasma nitrite levels and thereby in the physiological control of blood pressure

A U.S. Partnership with India and Poland to Track Acute Chemical Releases to Serve Public Health

We describe a collaborative effort between the U.S., India, and Poland to track acute chemical releases during 2005–2007. In all three countries, fixed facility events were more common than transportation-related events; manufacturing and transportation/warehousing were the most frequently involved industries; and equipment failure and human error were the primary contributing factors. The most commonly released nonpetroleum substances were ammonia (India), carbon monoxide (U.S.) and mercury (Poland). More events in India (54%) resulted in victims compared with Poland (15%) and the U.S. (9%). The pilot program showed it is possible to successfully conduct international surveillance of acute hazardous substances releases with careful interpretation of the findings

Evaluation of antioxidant potential of alcoholic stem bark extracts of Bauhinia variegata Linn.

The present study was carried out for the evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant potential of alcoholic stem bark (ALSB) extract of Bauhinia variegata Linn. Dried stem bark extract of B. variegata Linn. was screened to evaluate its free radical scavenging effect. Various methods like DPPH assay, reducing power assay, percentage scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical scavenging activity were used for screening in-vitro antioxidant potential. Antioxidant potentials were concentration dependent which were compared with standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole&nbsp;(BHA) and ascorbic acid. The maximum scavenging effect of B. variegata Linn. alcoholic stem bark extract on&nbsp; DPPH free radical, superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide was 72.19 + 0.20, 81.60 + 0.22 and 76.06 + 0.16 respectively at a concentration of 2500 ?g/mL.&nbsp; It was clearly indicated that the alcoholic extract of the stem bark has significant in vitro antioxidant activity. Currently available synthetic antioxidants like butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), Ascorbic acid and gallic acid appear to be associated with hepatotoxicity and many others negative health effects. Therefore, natural antioxidants may be preferred over the synthetic antioxidants

Adult hypertension referral pathway and therapeutic management:British and Irish Hypertension Society position statement

In the UK, most adults with hypertension are managed in Primary Care. Referrals to Secondary Care Hypertension Specialists are targeted to patients in whom further investigations are likely to change management decisions. In this position statement the British and Irish Hypertension Society provide clinicians with a framework for referring patients to Hypertension Specialists. Additional therapeutic advice is provided to optimise patient management whilst awaiting specialist review. Our aim is to ensure that referral criteria to Hypertension Specialists are consistent across the UK and Ireland to ensure equitable access for all patients