Evaluation of tomato genotypes for tolerance to major diseases in Uganda

Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a priority vegetable in Uganda, but due to its limited genetic base, its cultivated types are prone to a variety of diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate new tomato genotypes for resistance to major tomato diseases under hotspot conditions in Uganda. Fourty-five tomato genotypes were evaluated for reactions to tomato bacterial wilt, tomato bacterial speck, early blight and late blight. The study was conducted for two rainy seasons in 2019, at the National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge in Uganda. Data for severity and incidence were collected at two-week intervals after transplanting. Twelve genotypes (Nouvella F1, Rambo F1, Commando F1, AVTO1315, AVTO922, AVTO1701, AVTO1219, AVTO1464, MT56, ADV1287A, Pruna and Vega) exhibited high levels of tolerance to bacterial wilt; while bacterial speck presented mild symptoms majorly seen on Vega, Zodiac and AVTO9802. Rhino, AVTO1418, AVTO1314, Eureka, Roma VFN, MT56, Pinktop, Assila F1, Money-maker, AVTO0922 and AVTO1464 were the least affected by early blight; while AVTO1219, AVTO1701, ADV12021, ADV12076 and ADV1287A expressed low AUDPC values for late blight. Overall, AVTO1315 was the best yielder (30.8 metric tonnes ha-1), followed by AVTO0301 (29.0 t ha-1) and Nouvella F1 (26.1 t ha-1). Among the tomato genotypes evaluated, we recommend AVTO1701, AVTO0922, AVTO1464, AVTO0301 AVTO1315, AVTO1219, Pruna, Vega, ADV1287A and MT56 for the national performance trials.La tomate ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) est un l\ue9gume prioritaire en Ouganda, mais en raison de sa base g\ue9n\ue9tique limit\ue9e, ses types cultiv\ue9s sont sujets \ue0 une vari\ue9t\ue9 de maladies. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019\ue9valuer des g\ue9notypes de tomates s\ue9lectionn\ue9s pour leur r\ue9sistance aux principales maladies de la tomate dans des conditions de hotspot en Ouganda. Quarante-cinq g\ue9notypes de tomates ont \ue9t\ue9 \ue9valu\ue9s pour leurs r\ue9actions au fl\ue9trissement bact\ue9rien de la tomate, \ue0 la tache bact\ue9rienne de la tomate, au mildiou et au mildiou. L\u2019\ue9tude a \ue9t\ue9 men\ue9e pendant deux saisons des pluies en 2019, au National Crops Resources Research Institute, \ue0 Namulonge en Ouganda. Les donn\ue9es de gravit\ue9 et d\u2019incidence ont \ue9t\ue9 recueillies \ue0 des intervalles de deux semaines apr\ue8s la transplantation. Douze g\ue9notypes (Nouvella F1, Rambo F1, Commando F1, AVTO1315, AVTO922, AVTO1701, AVTO1219, AVTO1464, MT56, ADV1287A, Pruna et Vega) pr\ue9sentaient des niveaux \ue9lev\ue9s de tol\ue9rance au fl\ue9trissement bact\ue9rien; tandis que la tache bact\ue9rienne pr\ue9sentait des sympt\uf4mes b\ue9nins principalement observ\ue9s sur Vega, Zodiac et AVTO9802. Rhino, AVTO1418, AVTO1314, Eureka, Roma VFN, MT56, Pinktop, Assila F1, Money-maker, AVTO0922 et AVTO1464 ont \ue9t\ue9 les moins touch\ue9s par le mildiou; tandis que AVTO1219, AVTO1701, ADV12021, ADV12076 et ADV1287A ont exprim\ue9 de faibles valeurs AUDPC pour le mildiou. Dans l\u2019ensemble, AVTO1315 a \ue9t\ue9 le meilleur producteur (30,8 tonnes m\ue9triques ha-1), suivi par AVTO0301 (29,0 t ha-1) et Nouvella F1 (26,1 t ha-1). Parmi les g\ue9notypes de tomates \ue9valu\ue9s, nous recommandons AVTO1701, AVTO0922, AVTO1464, AVTO0301 AVTO1315, AVTO1219, Pruna, Vega, ADV1287A et MT56 pour les essais de performance nationaux

Wilt-like disorder of bananas in Uganda

Musa disease fact sheet on wilt-like disorder in Uganda: symptoms, distribution, inicidence causes and recommendation

Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) of exotic bananas and wilt of East African highland bananas (Musa, AAA-EA) in Uganda

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN022009 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Fusarium wilt resistant bananas considered appropriate replacements for cultivars susceptible to the disease in Uganda

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Fusarium wilt of banana in Uganda, with special emphasis on wiltlike symptoms observed on east Africa highland cooking cultivars (Musa SPP., AAA)

Surveys were undertaken at 24 diagnostic sites in Uganda to determine the distribution and incidence of Fusarium wilt on exotic banana cultivars caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Symptoms normally associated with the disease were found to be widespread throughout the major banana growing regions, and were observed on AAA, ABB, and AB exotic banana cultivars. Wilt incidence on exotic cultivars was as high as 67% on some farms. Symptoms similar to those of Fusarium wilt were also observed on endemic AAA highland banana cultivars, which have previously been considered to be resistant to the disease. Wilt of highland cultivars was only observed in western Uganda at altitudes greater than 1300 masl and mainly within 30 m of homesteads, animal kraals and garbage dumps. Analysis of soil samples collected from sites where symptoms of wilt were found on highland banana cultivars showed high levels of calcium and phosphorus

Immunodiagnostic potential of a 27 kDa protein of Fusarium xylarioides, the cause of coffee wilt disease in Robusta coffee in Uganda

Several Fusarium species infect Robusta coffee; these Fusarium xylarioides Steyaert (Gibberella xylarioides Heim and Saccas) are the most virulent and responsible for the destructive Robusta coffee wilt disease in Uganda. To date, F. xylarioides has not been isolated directly from soil, though the pathogen can persist in soil for a short time. In this study, a promising diagnostic target which can be developed into a serological test for F. xylarioides in coffee plants and soil has been identified and validated for identification. Water-soluble extracts of mycelia from six Fusaruim species were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The different protein profiles from the other five Fusarium species were compared and contrasted with that of F. xylarioides. Protein bands that appeared peculiar to F. xylarioides were cut and injected into rabbits to produce polyclonal antibodies. Dot blot and Western blot analyses showed one immunodominant antigen (27 kDa) common to all F. xylarioides isolates analyzed. No cross-reactivity of anti-27 kDa antibodies were observed in the entire test Fusarium species. The results suggest that polyclonal antibodies raised against the endoantigens from F. xylarioides of 27 kDa, is a promising tool for the rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of pathogen in soil and plant parts.Keywords: Gibberella xylarioides, coffee wilt disease, antigen, antibodies, Uganda.African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol 13(29) 2922-292

Diseases threatening banana biodiversity in Uganda

Banana (Musa spp.) is the most important food crop in Uganda as indicated by consumption rate, annual production (9.5 M t ha-1) and agricultural land committed to the crop. This level of productivity (6.3 t ha-1 yr-1) is extremely low when compared to the yields obtained on station and well-managed plantations (60 t ha-1 yr-1). Previous diagnostic studies attributed the low productivity to diseases, pests, soil fertility decline, limited post harvest utilisation options and socioe-conomic problems. The susceptibility to pests and diseases is largely attributed to a low genetic base of banana in Uganda. Recent on station and on-farm studies suggest the major diseases threatening banana biodiversity in Uganda include: 1)Black sigatoka which severely affects all East African Highland (EA-AAA) banana cultivars and a range of introduced genotypes; 2) Fusarium wilt which affects several introduced genotypes though all EA - AAA bananas are resistant; 3) Banana streak virus causing different levels of infection on all types of banana cultivars; and 4) Banana bacterial wilt, a recent outbreak affecting all types of banana in Mukono and Kayunga districts (central Uganda). This paper illustrates the potential threat posed by the above diseases to Musa biodiversity in Uganda and highlights some of the recent studies undertaken to control the diseases. Key Words: Genetic base, Musa spp., production constraints RESUME La banane (Musa spp.) est la nourriture la plus importante en Ouganda comme indiqué par le taux de consommation, la production annuelle (9.5 M t ha-1) est la terre cultivée assignée à la plante. Ce niveau de productivité (6.3 t ha-1 an-1) est extrêmement faible quand on le compare aux rendements obtenus sur stations et des plantations bien aménagées (60 t ha-11 an-1). Des études antérieures ont attribué la faible productivité à des maladies, pestes, la diminution de la fertilité du sol, des options limitées d'utilisation lors de la récolte et des contraintes socio-économiques. La susceptibilité aux pestes et maladies est largement attribuée à une faible base génétique de la banane en Ouganda. Des études récentes sur station et sur terrain suggèrent que les maladies majeures menaçant la diversité de la banane incluent: 1) black sigatoka qui affecte sévèrement toutes les variétés de bananas des hautes terres de l'Afrique de l'Est (EA-AAA) et une gamme des génotypes introduits. 2) le Fusarium qui affecte plusieurs génotypes introduits malgré le fait que toutes les EA-AAA sont résistantes; 3) le virus de raie de la banane causant différents niveaux d'infection sur toutes les variétés de la banane, et 4) le champignon de la banane, une nouvelle éruption affectant toutes les variétés de la banane dans les districts de Mukono et Kayunga (au centre de l'Ouganda). Cet article illustre la menace potentielle posée par les maladies ci hautes citées de la diversité de la banane et fait mention des études récentes entreprises pour contrôler ces maladies. Mots Clés: Base génétique, Musa spp., contrainte à la production African Crop Science Journal Vol.12(1) 2004: 19-2

Diseases threatening banana biodiversity in Uganda

Banana (Musa spp.) is the most important food crop in Uganda as indicated by consumption rate, annual production (9.5 M t ha-1) and agricultural land committed to the crop. This level of productivity (6.3 t ha-1 yr-1) is extremely low when compared to the yields obtained on station and well-managed plantations (60 t ha-1 yr-1). Previous diagnostic studies attributed the low productivity to diseases, pests, soil fertility decline, limited post harvest utilisation options and socioe-conomic problems. The susceptibility to pests and diseases is largely attributed to a low genetic base of banana in Uganda. Recent on station and on-farm studies suggest the major diseases threatening banana biodiversity in Uganda include: 1)Black sigatoka which severely affects all East African Highland (EA-AAA) banana cultivars and a range of introduced genotypes; 2) Fusarium wilt which affects several introduced genotypes though all EA - AAA bananas are resistant; 3) Banana streak virus causing different levels of infection on all types of banana cultivars; and 4) Banana bacterial wilt, a recent outbreak affecting all types of banana in Mukono and Kayunga districts (central Uganda). This paper illustrates the potential threat posed by the above diseases to Musa biodiversity in Uganda and highlights some of the recent studies undertaken to control the diseases.La banane (Musa spp.) est la nourriture la plus importante en Ouganda comme indiqué par le taux de consommation, la production annuelle (9.5 M t ha-1) est la terre cultivée assignée à la plante. Ce niveau de productivité (6.3 t ha-1 an-1) est extrêmement faible quand on le compare aux rendements obtenus sur stations et des plantations bien aménagées (60 t ha-11 an-1). Des études antérieures ont attribué la faible productivité à des maladies, pestes, la diminution de la fertilité du sol, des options limitées d'utilisation lors de la récolte et des contraintes socio-économiques. La susceptibilité aux pestes et maladies est largement attribuée à une faible base génétique de la banane en Ouganda. Des études récentes sur station et sur terrain suggèrent que les maladies majeures menaçant la diversité de la banane incluent: 1) black sigatoka qui affecte sévèrement toutes les variétés de bananas des hautes terres de l'Afrique de l'Est (EA-AAA) et une gamme des génotypes introduits. 2) le Fusarium qui affecte plusieurs génotypes introduits malgré le fait que toutes les EA-AAA sont résistantes; 3) le virus de raie de la banane causant différents niveaux d'infection sur toutes les variétés de la banane, et 4) le champignon de la banane, une nouvelle éruption affectant toutes les variétés de la banane dans les districts de Mukono et Kayunga (au centre de l'Ouganda). Cet article illustre la menace potentielle posée par les maladies ci hautes citées de la diversité de la banane et fait mention des études récentes entreprises pour contrôler ces maladies

Diseases threatening banana biodiversity in Uganda

Banana (Musa spp.) is the most important food crop in Uganda as indicated by consumption rate, annual production (9.5 M t ha-1) and agricultural land committed to the crop. This level of productivity (6.3 t ha-1 yr-1) is extremely low when compared to the yields obtained on station and well-managed plantations (60 t ha-1 yr-1). Previous diagnostic studies attributed the low productivity to diseases, pests, soil fertility decline, limited post harvest utilisation options and socioe-conomic problems. The susceptibility to pests and diseases is largely attributed to a low genetic base of banana in Uganda. Recent on station and on-farm studies suggest the major diseases threatening banana biodiversity in Uganda include: 1)Black sigatoka which severely affects all East African Highland (EA-AAA) banana cultivars and a range of introduced genotypes; 2) Fusarium wilt which affects several introduced genotypes though all EA - AAA bananas are resistant; 3) Banana streak virus causing different levels of infection on all types of banana cultivars; and 4) Banana bacterial wilt, a recent outbreak affecting all types of banana in Mukono and Kayunga districts (central Uganda). This paper illustrates the potential threat posed by the above diseases to Musa biodiversity in Uganda and highlights some of the recent studies undertaken to control the diseases

Towards climate smart agriculture: lessons from a coffee × banana case. Experiences from research for policy support in Uganda

Coffee and banana production in Uganda will be affected by climate change. While rainfall quantity might not drastically alter, its distribution is expected to become more erratic. Furthermore, the average temperature is expected to increase by 2 °C in the next few decades. This will affect coffee producing areas, most notably the Arabica growing regions, in addition an increase in pest and disease incidence is expected. Climate change is strongly connected to development issues. Economies, like Uganda, that depend heavily on natural resource based production systems such as agriculture, forestry and fisheries will feel the effects most profoundly. Smart development moves are needed beyond the traditional isolated approaches to achieve adaptation, mitigation, and development objectives