Toward a direct measurement of the cosmic acceleration: The first observation of HI 21cm absorption line at FAST

In this work, we report the first result from the investgation of Neutral atomic hydrogen(HI) 21cm absorption line in spectrum of PKS1413+135 as a associated type at redshift $z\approx 0.24670041$ observed by FAST using the observing time of 10 minutes for the absorber and the spectral resolution of the raw data was setted to 10 Hz. The full spectral profile is analysed by fitting the absorption line with single Gaussian function as the resolution of 10kHz in 2MHz bandwidth, eventually intending to illustrate the latest cosmic acceleration by the direct measurement of time evolution of the redshift of HI 21cm absorption line with Hubble flow toward a same background Quasar in the time interval of more than a decade or many years as a detectable signal that produced by the accelerated expansion of the Universe in the era of FAST at low redshift space,namely redshift drift $\dot{z}$ or SL effect. The obtained HI gas column density $\rm N_{HI} \approx 2.2867\times 10^{22}/cm^2$ of this DLA system, much equivalent to the originally observed value $\rm N_{HI} \approx 1.3\times 10^{19}\times(T_s/f)/cm^2$ within the uncertainties of the spin temperature of a spiral host galaxy, and the signal to noise ratio SNR highly reaching 57.4357 for the resolution of 10kHz evidently validates the opportunities of the HI 21cm absorption lines of DLA systems to enforce the awareness of the physical motivation of dark energy by the probe of $\rm\dot{z}$ with the enhancement of accuracy in the level of $\sim 10^{-10}$ per decade.Comment: 26 pages,8 figures, 3 tables, submitted to JCA

A phytophthora effector manipulates host histone acetylation and reprograms defense gene expression to promote infection

Immune response during pathogen infection requires extensive transcription reprogramming. A fundamental mechanism of transcriptional regulation is histone acetylation. However, how pathogens interfere with this process to promote disease remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the cytoplasmic effector PsAvh23 produced by the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae acts as a modulator of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) in plants. PsAvh23 binds to the ADA2 subunit of the HAT complex SAGA and disrupts its assembly by interfering with the association of ADA2 with the catalytic subunit GCN5. As such, PsAvh23 suppresses H3K9 acetylation mediated by the ADA2/GCN5 module and increases plant susceptibility. Expression of PsAvh23 or silencing of GmADA2/GmGCN5 resulted in misregulation of defense-related genes, most likely due to decreased H3K9 acetylation levels at the corresponding loci. This study highlights an effective counter-defense mechanism by which a pathogen effector suppresses the activation of defense genes by interfering with the function of the HAT complex during infection

Liver fibrosis and MAFLD: the exploration of multi-drug combination therapy strategies

In recent years, the prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has reached pandemic proportions as a leading cause of liver fibrosis worldwide. However, the stage of liver fibrosis is associated with an increased risk of severe liver-related and cardiovascular events and is the strongest predictor of mortality in MAFLD patients. More and more people believe that MAFLD is a multifactorial disease with multiple pathways are involved in promoting the progression of liver fibrosis. Numerous drug targets and drugs have been explored for various anti-fibrosis pathways. The treatment of single medicines is brutal to obtain satisfactory results, so the strategies of multi-drug combination therapies have attracted increasing attention. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of MAFLD-related liver fibrosis and its regression, summarize the current intervention and treatment methods for this disease, and focus on the analysis of drug combination strategies for MAFLD and its subsequent liver fibrosis in recent years to explore safer and more effective multi-drug combination therapy strategies

Caveolin-1 Plays a Crucial Role in Inhibiting Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells via VEGF Signaling-Dependent Pathway

In the present study, we aim to elucidate the roles of caveolin-1(Cav-1), a 22 kDa protein in plasma membrane invaginations, in modulating neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). In the hippocampal dentate gyrus, we found that Cav-1 knockout mice revealed remarkably higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the more abundant formation of newborn neurons than wild type mice. We then studied the potential mechanisms of Cav-1 in modulating VEGF signaling and neuronal differentiation in isolated cultured NPCs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Hypoxic embryonic rat NPCs were exposed to 1% O2 for 24 h and then switched to 21% O2 for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days whereas normoxic NPCs were continuously cultured with 21% O2. Compared with normoxic NPCs, hypoxic NPCs had down-regulated expression of Cav-1 and up-regulated VEGF expression and p44/42MAPK phosphorylation, and enhanced neuronal differentiation. We further studied the roles of Cav-1 in inhibiting neuronal differentiation by using Cav-1 scaffolding domain peptide and Cav-1-specific small interfering RNA. In both normoxic and hypoxic NPCs, Cav-1 peptide markedly down-regulated the expressions of VEGF and flk1, decreased the phosphorylations of p44/42MAPK, Akt and Stat3, and inhibited neuronal differentiation, whereas the knockdown of Cav-1 promoted the expression of VEGF, phosphorylations of p44/42MAPK, Akt and Stat3, and stimulated neuronal differentiation. Moreover, the enhanced phosphorylations of p44/42MAPK, Akt and Stat3, and neuronal differentiation were abolished by co-treatment of VEGF inhibitor V1. These results provide strong evidence to prove that Cav-1 can inhibit neuronal differentiation via down-regulations of VEGF, p44/42MAPK, Akt and Stat3 signaling pathways, and that VEGF signaling is a crucial target of Cav-1. The hypoxia-induced down-regulation of Cav-1 contributes to enhanced neuronal differentiation in NPCs

Optimal Location of Thyristor-controlled-series-capacitor using Min Cut Algorithm

Existence of many different Operators in the new electricity has brought many challenges in the system operation and control to obtain minimum generation cost and security. With the growing demand of electricity in the competitive electricity market environment, one or more transmission lines could be overloaded, therefore causing congestion. The congestion can be eliminated /alleviated by improving transfer capability of the network. Thyristor controlled series compensators (TCSC), with its ability to directly control the power flow can be very effective to improve the operation of transmission network. This paper describes an approach for determining the most suitable locations for installing TCSC devices in order to eliminate line overloads and minimize generation costs. The proposed approach is based on the minimum cut methodology that reduces the search space and using benefit index to decide on the best locations for the TCSC. The 5-bus, IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus test systems are used to demonstrate the proposed approach. Results show that the proposed method is capable of finding the best location for TCSC installation to minimize total costs. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i5.442

Differences in volatile components between different drying methods of Lentinus edoeds analyzed by GC-IMS

[Objective] To analyze the differences in volatile components between three kinds of dried L. edoeds. [Methods] Three different drying methods (hot air drying, radio frequency-hot air drying, vacuum freeze drying) were used to determine the volatile substances in L. edoeds by gas chromatogi-ion migration spectrometry (GC-IMS), and the differences of volatile substances in L. edoeds were analyzed according to fingerprint and PCA. [Results] The main volatile components of dried L. edoeds were aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and acids. There were significant differences in the characteristic volatile organic substances of dried L. edoeds in three different drying methods, the contents of aldehyde and alcohol were hot air drying > radio frequency-hot air drying > VD. Fingerprint analysis showed that compared with vacuum freeze drying, hot air drying and radio frequency-hot air drying could significantly improve the fruity flavor of L. edoeds. PCA analysis showed that the contribution rate of PC1 and PC2 was 61% and 29%, respectively, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 90.0%. Hot air drying and radio frequency-hot air drying had high similarity in the flavor composition of L. edoeds. [Conclusion] GC-IMS can realize differential and rapid analysis and identification of volatile flavor components of L. edoeds produced by three drying methods, and provide theoretical reference for high-quality drying of L. edoeds and its product identification