Social Interaction and Atypical Sensory Processing in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

SummaryObjective/BackgroundMany children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have sensory processing disorders (SPDs), which may limit many facets of daily life, including social interaction, an important domain of occupational therapy. Therefore, we examined the relationship between social interaction deficits and SPD in 4–6-year-old children with ASD without intellectual disorders.MethodsThe Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Japanese Sensory Inventory-Revised (JSI-R) questionnaires were administered to parents of children with ASD and children in the control group (n = 42 each).ResultsResponse analyses revealed significant intergroup differences in scores for the questionnaires, with more atypical sensory processing patterns and social interaction deficits observed in children with ASD. Significant correlations were observed between the SRS total raw scores and subcategory scores of all sensory modalities of the JSI-R in the entire experimental group. The SPD symptoms were significantly associated with social interaction deficits in children with ASD.ConclusionIt is important that occupational therapists consider SPD symptoms in children with ASD to provide early intervention for social interaction deficits

自閉症スペクトラム障害児の非定型的な感覚特性は安静時の迷走神経活動と関連する

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(人間健康科学)甲第19645号人健博第37号新制||人健||3(附属図書館)32681京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻(主査)教授 三谷 章, 教授 村井 俊哉, 教授 精山 明敏学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Human Health SciencesKyoto UniversityDFA

札幌市近郊における新入大学生の性知識と性行動

目的:新入大学生の性知識と性行動の実態を調査し,実態に即した支援の手がかりを得ることであった.方法:札幌市およびその近郊の2003年新入大学生986名を対象に,無記名自記式質問紙調査を実施した.調査項目は,性別,年齢,性教育経験の有無,性知識とその自己評価,性行動と避妊についての考えや経験,性交による妊娠と性感染症の感染について考えた経験とその理由,性に関して知りたいことについてであった.結果:性に関する問題で正解率が低かったのは,排卵時期,排卵後の卵子の生存期間,射精後の精子の生存期間,避妊成功率が高い避妊法,コンドームを外す時期,性感染症がオーラルセックスによって感染すること,性感染症によってHIV感染しやすくなること,HIV検査が病院以外で実施できることであった.性交経験があると回答した者の割合は,男女とも約5割であった.そのうち,2回目以降の性交時に「いつも避妊している」と回答した者は,男女とも5割程度であった.結論:性教育は,具体的な内容を含むとともに,男女が同席のもとで行う必要が考えられた.Purpose : The purpose of this study was to clarify sexual knowledge and behavior of fresh university students in Sapporo City, and to develop supportive methods for young people. Subjects : 986 fresh university students in Sapporo City and its suburbs. Methods : Using a self-administered questionnaire, we put them questions about sexual knowledge, sexual behavior and its self-evaluation, experience of sexual education, etc. Results : About 50% of the subjects had the experience of sexual intercourse. The percentage of the subjects that gave a correct answer was low in some of the questions, e.g., ovulation time, survival span of an ovum and a sperm, kinds of the most effective contraception, time of taking off a condom, possibility of infection of sexually transmitted diseases by oral sexual intercourse, possibility of HIV infection with sexually transmitted diseases, facilities for checking HIV infection etc. Conclusions : Sexual educations should include concrete contents,a dn should be given simultaneously to male and female students

Effectiveness of Dance/Movement Therapy Intervention for Children with Intellectual Disability at an Early Childhood Special Education Preschool

Children with intellectual disability (ID) often have deficits in gross motor skills and static and dynamic balance abilities, poor lower muscle strength, and an increased risk of serious falls. They also face difficulty in continuing physical activity programs due to cognitive impairment and easy loss of motivation. However, dance/movement therapy (DMT) has been found to help children with ID perform static and dynamic movements. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of DMT group sessions for children with ID as part of an early childhood special education preschool program. The outcome measures involved employing a hand-held dynamometer to assess knee extensor muscles, the one-leg stand test for static balance, and the timed “up and go” test for dynamic balance, and administering the Child Behavior Checklist and Caregiver-Teacher Report Form for children’s adaptive functions and behavioral problems, as reported by parents or relatives and teachers respectively. Twenty-one children with ID aged 36 to 72 months participated in the study. Ten 60-min DMT group sessions were conducted as manualized intervention, once a week. The measurements were done before and after the 10 DMT group session, and then compared. The results showed statistically significant changes in both knee extensor muscles, the standing time for both legs in the one-leg stand test, attention problems and affective problems in the Checklist, and total score, internalizing problems (including emotionally reactive and somatic complaints), externalizing problems (including attention problems and aggressive behavior), affective problems, anxiety problems, and attention deficit/hyperactivity problems in the Report Form. This study found that the DMT group sessions as part of an early childhood special education preschool program for children with ID aged 36 to 72 months helped improve their knee extensor muscles and static balance while reducing maladaptive behaviors, enabling them to enjoy the sessions for the full study period

札幌市近郊における新入大学生の性知識と性行動

P(論文)目的:新入大学生の性知識と性行動の実態を調査し,実態に即した支援の手がかりを得ることであった.方法:札幌市およびその近郊の2003年新入大学生986名を対象に,無記名自記式質問紙調査を実施した.調査項目は,性別,年齢,性教育経験の有無,性知識とその自己評価,性行動と避妊についての考えや経験,性交による妊娠と性感染症の感染について考えた経験とその理由,性に関して知りたいことについてであった.結果:性に関する問題で正解率が低かったのは,排卵時期,排卵後の卵子の生存期間,射精後の精子の生存期間,避妊成功率が高い避妊法,コンドームを外す時期,性感染症がオーラルセックスによって感染すること,性感染症によってHIV感染しやすくなること,HIV検査が病院以外で実施できることであった.性交経験があると回答した者の割合は,男女とも約5割であった.そのうち,2回目以降の性交時に「いつも避妊している」と回答した者は,男女とも5割程度であった.結論:性教育は,具体的な内容を含むとともに,男女が同席のもとで行う必要が考えられた.Purpose : The purpose of this study was to clarify sexual knowledge and behavior of fresh university students in Sapporo City, and to develop supportive methods for young people. Subjects : 986 fresh university students in Sapporo City and its suburbs. Methods : Using a self-administered questionnaire, we put them questions about sexual knowledge, sexual behavior and its self-evaluation, experience of sexual education, etc. Results : About 50% of the subjects had the experience of sexual intercourse. The percentage of the subjects that gave a correct answer was low in some of the questions, e.g., ovulation time, survival span of an ovum and a sperm, kinds of the most effective contraception, time of taking off a condom, possibility of infection of sexually transmitted diseases by oral sexual intercourse, possibility of HIV infection with sexually transmitted diseases, facilities for checking HIV infection etc. Conclusions : Sexual educations should include concrete contents,a dn should be given simultaneously to male and female students

Changes in upper extremity function, ADL, and HRQoL in colorectal cancer patients after the first chemotherapy cycle with oxaliplatin: a prospective single-center observational study

Purpose: Oxaliplatin, an important chemotherapeutic agent in colorectal cancer, causes chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), for which prophylactic or therapeutic interventions are lacking. We aimed to investigate changes in upper extremities, activities of daily living (ADL), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) parameters after the first chemotherapy cycle. Methods: Thirty-eight colorectal cancer patients scheduled to receive the leucovorin, 5′-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) therapy or the capecitabine, oxaliplatin (CAPOX) therapy, participated. Patients underwent objective assessment of sensory function, muscular strength, and manual dexterity and answered the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand-Disability/Symptom (DASH-DS) questionnaires for subjective assessment. The CIPN was assessed at baseline and prior to the second drug cycle. Results: Light touch sensation in both hands worsened significantly after the first drug cycle, though no significant changes were observed in muscular strength and manual dexterity. The QLQ-C30 analysis showed that Physical Functioning, Role Functioning, Nausea and Vomiting, and Dyspnea were significantly worse, whereas Emotional Functioning was improved. The DASH-DS analysis revealed significant worsening of dysfunction and subjective symptoms. Conclusions: Our results suggest that light touch sensation may worsen even in the absence of multiple chemotherapy cycles. Even if arm and hand function (muscular strength and manual dexterity) is apparently intact, patients may experience dysfunction and decreased HRQoL. For preserving or improving patients’ ADL and HRQoL, it is imperative to provide support at chemotherapy initiation

Location of guide RNA (gRNA) design and nucleotide sequence generation using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

(A) Predicted domain structure of medaka rad50 protein and the corresponding exon order. ‘CC’ and ‘Hk’ indicate the coiled-coil region and the hook construct, respectively. ‘N’ and ‘C’ indicate the N- and C- termini of the rad50 protein, respectively. The exon number (Ex#) corresponding to each area is displayed at the lower position of the predicted domain structure. (B) Location of gRNA design and multiple sequence alignments of wildtype (WT) and mutant sequences. “Ex11” indicates “exon 11.” The 183-base sequences of Ex11 are schematically displayed to the right. A gRNA that recognizes the 21st to 40th bases was designed (two-way arrow). Parts of the base sequences of Ex11 of WT, 2-base pair deletion, and 9-base pair deletion were aligned (shown at the lower end of the figure). The sequence recognized by gRNA is double-underlined in the WT sequence. Stop codons in the sequence are underlined or marked with asterisks.</p