Pregnancy outcomes in women with pemphigus exposed to rituximab before or during pregnancy

Background: . Rituximab (RTX) is an effective treatment for pemphigus; however, the drug labeling recommends not to use RTX within 1 year before conception. Objectives: . To report pregnancy outcomes of patients with pemphigus who were treated with RTX before or during pregnancy. Methods: . We identified 19 pregnancies with RTX exposure before or during pregnancy. All had previously been advised not to get pregnant within 1 year of RTX administration. The cases were categorized into 3 groups of exposure of within 6 months (group A), between 6 and 12 months (group B), and longer than 12 months of conception (group C). The pregnancy outcomes of different RTX exposure intervals were compared. Results: . Group A included 9 pregnancies, of which 3 had received RTX accidentally after conception. Group B and C included 4 and 6 pregnancies, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding pregnancy outcomes. Overall, there were 17 live births, 1 spontaneous abortion, and 1 termination. Of the live births, 3 preterm deliveries and 4 low-birth-weight neonates were noted. Moreover, 1 neonate was hospitalized due to early-onset neonatal sepsis, and 1 had hydronephrosis. Disease flare-up occurred in 5 patients during pregnancy (4 minor and 1 major relapses) and in 5 patients after delivery (3 minor and 2 major relapses). Conclusions: . Except for 1 case of neonatal sepsis which survived following medical treatment, no serious relevant adverse pregnancy outcome that could be attributed to RTX exposure before and during early pregnancy in women with pemphigus was detected. Nevertheless, RTX should not be administered within 1 year before planned pregnancy, as not enough data is available yet

Longitudinal melanonychia in an Iranian population: a study of 96 patients

Background: Longitudinal melanonychia (LM) can be a challenging sign since it may be caused by a wide variety of benign and malignant conditions. Cutaneous melanoma is the most important cause of LM. Objective: We performed this study to examine different aspects of LM in Iran, where cutaneous melanoma is rare. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed medical records and pathology reports of a total of 96 patients presenting with LM. These patients had been visited and undergone nail biopsy in Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Demographic, clinical, and pathological data were recorded. Results: The most common diagnosis was junctional nevi in 28 patients (29.2%) followed by melanoma in 19 patients (19.8%). Patients had a mean age of 42.4 years (±19.4). The mean ages in the groups with junctional nevi and melanoma were 33.3 (±19.5) and 51.9 (±17.8), respectively; their difference was statistically significant (P value = 0.001). Hutchinson’s sign was present in 10 patients, 9 of which had melanoma. Also, melanoma was only observed in patients presenting with a solitary nail lesion. Nails mostly affected by melanoma were middle fingers of the hands (7 patients) and thumbs (6 patients). Out of 18 patients with nail dystrophy, 13 (72.2%) were diagnosed with melanoma. Limitations: Only patients who have undergone biopsy were studied. Conclusion: Melanoma is an important cause of LM in Iranian patients and should especially be suspected in older patients who present with a solitary nail lesion on their middle finger or thumb. Other findings that direct us toward melanoma are presence of Hutchinson’s sign and nail dystrophy. Key words: Hutchinson’s sign, junctional nevi, longitudinal melanonychia, melanom