Effects of treatment with three types of varnish remineralizing agents on the microhardness of demineralized enamel surface

Remineralization of incipient caries is one of the goals in dental health care ,especially in pediatric dentistry. The present study aimed at comparing the effects of MI varnish (3M (United states)) , Nano paste( FGM(Brezil) ), 5% sodium fluoride varnish) DuraphatColgate (united states) ) on remineralization of enamel lesions. In this in-vitrostudy, 60 intact human pre-molars, were randomly allocated to four groups of 15. Baseline surface microhardness in three points in the center of the polished area was measured. After two days of immersion in demineralizing solution, microhardness of all samples was measured. Afterward, groups 1-3 under-went treatment with MI varnish, nano paste, 5% sodium fluoride varnish and then again microhardness was measured. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonfreni table was used. Duraphat varnish in comparison with control group, significantly increased surface microhardness and in comparison with Nano and MI paste varnish groups significant differences was shown between groups. (P< 0.05). MI paste varnish and Nano paste similary showed more increases in surface microhardness in comparison with Duraphat varnish and control groups (P?1). According to the results of this study, all three varnishes, Duraphat , MI paste and Nano paste increase the enamel surface microhardness and remineralization of incipient caries. MI paste and Nano paste compared to Duraphat Varnish, significantly showed more increases in enamel surface microhardness but Nano paste and MI paste were almost the same

Management of an Intruded Ankylosed Immature Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Objectives Intrusive luxation is a severe type of dentoalveolar injury, which causes damage to the pulp and supporting tissues of a tooth, as the tooth is apically dislocated into the alveolar process. Case This report describes a case of re-eruption of an intruded immature severely ankylosed upper permanent central incisor. A seven-year-old boy was referred to the pediatric dental clinic three months after a traumatic injury. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed intrusive luxation of the immature left upper permanent central incisor. In the first visit, initial bracketing was performed, and the left central incisor was engaged. In the second visit (after four weeks), the tooth showed no movement and produced a metallic sound in percussion. The tooth was consequently luxated and engaged again with a heavier force and followed-up monthly. Conclusion It re-erupted completely, and the follow-up periapical radiographs showed that root formation continued, and the root apex was approximately closed.

Clinical Management of Hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta in Pediatric Patients: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Objectives Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) refers to a group of hereditary disorders that affect the quality and/or quantity of dental enamel of both primary and permanent dentitions. Also, these patients may suffer from certain systemic disorders and other dental and skeletal defects or abnormalities. Case: A 9-year-old female patient with hypoplastic type AI with unerupted maxillary first molars, and pulpal calcifications is reported. Her permanent anterior teeth were restored with composite veneer while the posterior teeth received stainless steel crowns. Conclusion Hypoplastic type AI is a rather uncommon disorder. Early treatment of AI, not only prevents tooth wear, but also has a positive psychological impact on children. The possible association of AI with nephrocalcinosis can also be monitored through initial radiographic evidence of pulp stones