American Indian Self-Determination: The Political Economy of a Successful Policy

This report examines some of the ways that Native nations can either undermine or strengthen their own enterprises—and their own futures.

Reloading the Dice: Improving the Chances for Economic Development on American Indian Reservations

The experiences of a wide array of societies around the world amply demonstrate that achieving sustained, self-determined economic development is a complex and difficult task. Certainly this is the case on the Indian reservations of the United States, where numerous obstacles face tribal leaders, managers, and other individuals concerned about the economic wellbeing of their peoples. In the introductory chapter, the editors of this volume review the specific obstacles that Indian nations face as they pursue their own development goals, outline the critical role that institutions of tribal governance play in the development process, and suggest ways that newly empowered tribal governments can improve tribes' own chances of achieving self-determined development success

How Natural Is Monopoly? The Case of Bypass in Natural Gas Distribution Markets

Public utility markets in the United States are commonly subject to both price and entry regulation. However, as dissatisfaction with much of the nation\u27s regulatory system has mounted within the last decade, the wisdom of protecting utilities from competitors has come increasingly under attack. Numerous court cases and administrative rulings by regulatory agencies, as well as developments in the economics literature. have pointed to the benefits of allowing existing buyers of a utility\u27s services to bypass the utility and transact for the services with either incumbent firms or new entrants. The issue of entry deregulation has been at the heart of debates over regulatory reform in such industries as telecommunications, cable and satellite television transmission, the postal service, and electricity generation

The effect of jet preheating on turbulence in a premixed jet in hot coflow

Moderate or Intense Low oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion is an important combustion regime, which utilises the combustion of gas in hot and often vitiated environment. MILD combustors are characterised by the use of exhaust gases recirculated into the combustor via dilution or mixing with the incoming fuel or alternately by rapidly mixing an incoming fuel stream into a hot environment of combustion products. However, the influence of preheating the fuel jet is not well understood. Current approaches rely heavily on assumptions about the role of heat on laminarisation of turbulence, due to viscosity. However, the density ratio between jet and environment is known to have a dominant effect on mixing. Velocity measurements are presented for a pair of turbulent premixed flames issuing into a premixed coflow. Two cases are considered, both with and without preheating of the central fuel jet. The resulting near-field velocity is measured using digital Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The resulting velocity maps are processed to find the turbulence intensity, u’/U. A two-point correlation technique is used to determine the turbulence integral length scale, lf. The influence of preheating the central jet on the resulting near-field turbulence characteristics are presented and discussed.P.A.M. Kalt and B.B. Dallyhttp://cfe.uwa.edu.au/news/acs2013http://www.anz-combustioninstitute.org

Corrections to facilitate planar imaging of particle concentration in particle-laden flows using Mie scattering. Part 2: Diverging laser sheets

Part 1 describes a model to account for the effect of particles on laser sheet attenuation in flows where particles are heterogeneously distributed and where particles are small compared with the imaged volume. Here we extend the model to account for the effect of a strongly diverging light sheet, which is desirable when investigating many turbulent flows, e.g., in two-phase combustion problems. A calibration constant, C(kappa), is derived to account for the attenuation of the incident laser sheet due to extinction of the laser beam through a seeded medium. This is shown to be effective in correcting both the effect of in-plane laser sheet attenuation and out-of-plane signal trapping due to particles in a jet flow heavily seeded with 5 g/s of 25-40 microm spherical particles. In the uncorrected case, attenuation causes up to 15% error in the mean concentration and 35% error on the rms fluctuations. Selecting an appropriate C(kappa) was found to remove the error in the mean concentration and reduce error on the rms fluctuation by half. Methods to estimate or measure an appropriate value of C(kappa) are also presented

Seizing the Future: Why Some Native Nations Do and Others Don't

This study examines the question of why is it that some Native nations seize upon the nation building strategy and take effective control of their futures while others do not. We find that foundational change in a community arises when the external and internal conditions a people face interact with their interpretations of their situation, producing a new, shared "story" of what is possible, and how it can be achieved. The keys to changing a community's "story" are found in proactive decisions to alter internal and external situations, acquire concrete knowledge of the feasible, build on the community's cultural assets, and exercise leadership—especially in educating the people in a new vision.