Potential Impacts of Electric Aviation in the Kvarken Region : Stakeholder views in 2020

The aim of this interim report is to share the results from a survey that was conducted as part of the Interreg Bothnia Atlantica project named Finding innovations to Accelerate Implementation of electric Regional aviation (FAIR). FAIR is developing a methodology to support early and efficient commercialisation of electric-powered regional flights in the Kvarken region, which consists of the counties of Ostrobothnia, Southern Ostrobothnia and Central Ostrobothnia in Finland and the county of Västerbotten and municipality of Örnsköldsvik in Sweden. The objective of the survey was to provide a background understanding concerning stakeholders’ and experts’ views on the potential regional effects of electric aviation (EA) in the Kvarken region. The online survey targeted experts and various project stakeholders and was opened during 16.-30.11.2020. The response rate was 24.8 %. The survey was one of the first activities in the project, and the questions arising from it will subsequently be considered within the FAIR network. According to the results, the regional effects of EA are manifold and challenging to foresee. EA is generally viewed as a new and exciting opportunity and way for increasing collaboration in the Kvarken region. However, it should be noted that experts and stakeholder views are probably quite positive compared to those of the general public. Stakeholders definitely considered EA as a positive opportunity but understood that regulations and financing establish important preconditions for early implementation, which need to be considered carefully. The inclusion and utilisation of new networks, ideas and skills related to the implementation of EA will certainly affect existing networks and working methods. New collaboration opportunities are likely to emerge, and there will probably be new opportunities for existing industries in the Kvarken region, such as energy technology companies, as some of their products may become important in the EA industry. The Kvarken region may also benefit from general interest, which arises from EA and an increase in accessibility. Altogether, implementation of EA is considered a promising, and natural step in the region’s path towards specialising in environmentally friendly technology and solutions.fi=vertaisarvioimaton|en=nonPeerReviewed

Circuits of architecture and urban planning : Professional ethos and the internationalization of small architectural offices

Although the production of the built environment is increasingly globalized, and architecture and urban planning (AUP) professionals are known to be the key carriers of mobile ideas, the internationalization of small owner-centred architectural offices has gained little academic attention, compared to the large consultancies that dominate the global market. We bring together the literature on the circuits of urban planning ideas, the international movement of AUP firms and professional ethoses to explore the internationalization of small AUP offices. Using interview data from Finnish offices, we investigate the ‘what, where, why and how’ and find that they have entered specific geographically delimited AUP circuits demarcated by type of project. We contribute to the literature by identifying motives characteristic of small offices guided by professional ethoses suited to the circuits where they internationalize. Their ethoses may evolve in time and space, as they operate in new circuits. We propose that ethos–circuit coherence may contribute to the successful internationalization of small architectural offices. The findings open avenues for further research on professional ethos not only of architects but also other internationally operating professionals, as it may guide their decisions by other than a narrowly conceived profit motive.© 2021 The Authors. Global Networks published by Global Networks Partnership and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

It takes two to tango : Examining productive interactions in urban research collaboration

The science–society relations of social sciences and humanities have been increasingly discussed under the concept of productive interactions, which refers to the mutual learning processes between researchers and stakeholders for the benefit of societal development. While most studies have analysed the societal impact from the research performers’ perspective, in this article, we examine the practitioners’ side. We contribute to the evaluation theory by offering a new perspective to examine the emergence of productive interactions. Based on an empirical analysis of collaborative practices in two Finnish urban research programmes and how the practitioners reflected on them, we argue that practitioners’ competencies are essential in leveraging societal impact. The improvement of these ‘pracademic competencies’ need to be raised as an issue in research policy and evaluation promoting responsible research and innovation.©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

The Evolving Innovation Space : Variety of Innovations, Actors, Activities and Diffusion Mechanisms

New societal challenges are setting growing demands for innovation policy on both international and national levels. To address societal challenges and create sustainable change, in addition to achieving economic benefits, it is important to recognize that the innovation space is evolving and getting more complex. This chapter considers how the understanding of the innovation space has evolved from the 1990s to today by using the definition of innovation and its related concepts in four editions of the Oslo Manual (OM) published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) between 1992 and 2018. The topic of evolving innovation space is studied in three dimensions: 1) variety of innovations; 2) innovation actors and activities; and 3) innovation diffusion and spillovers. The analysis of the OM shows that the policy understanding of innovation has evolved from technological and manufacturing innovations to cover almost all areas of society, including the central role of users and customers in innovation processes. In addition, innovation diffusion has shifted from being viewed as a purely commercial process to include non-commercial processes. As a result, the OM can also be viewed as a means for charting the evolution of the innovation space and understanding how innovation activities can be measured.©2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH. All Rights Reserved.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Evaluating Inclusion as a Multidimensional Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Objective

Inclusion, as an increasingly important science, technology and innovation (STI) policy objective, is seen as a key to global sustainable innovation. Yet the concept’s usage in both practitioner, policy and research language is often fuzzy. Inclusion is used in wide variety of contexts, not just those that have been traditionally associated with the concept such as marginalized groups and communities. The objective of this chapter is to unpack different dimensions of inclusion as an STI policy objective and as an object of evaluation in an increasingly complex innovation space. The chapter presents a schematic conceptual framework of the different approaches that can be used to steer evaluation practice. It also maps future research directions for evaluating inclusion.© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH. All Rights Reserved.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Innovation districts as strategic urban projects : the emergence of strategic spatial planning for urban innovation

This paper contributes to the emerging research on innovation districts (IDs) by conceptualizing them as strategic urban projects. IDs connect innovative activities to their spatial foundations and thus provide a territorial framework for strategic spatial planning efforts. The extant literature on IDs, focusing mainly on ID characteristics and placemaking, has failed to acknowledge that ID development requires an integrated planning approach to realize the so-called new union between form and function, which is often executed via strategic urban projects. Integrated planning, as discussed in the literature on strategic spatial planning, emphasizes coordination both between a range of stakeholder interests and between administrative sectors and spatial scales. This, in turn, is often rooted in path-dependent connections between diverse sectors and organizations. A case study examines the gradual adoption of the new strategic planning approach while the Turku Science Park area in the city of Turku, Finland, was being transformed into an ID. It demonstrates the rise of a new integrated rationale in contemporary urban planning and economic development, one that strategically envisions a spatial form for economic development objectives. The case offers lessons for academic and policy debates on ID development, underscoring competence building in strategic spatial planning.© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s)or with their consent.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Ruokaa, hyvinvointia ja riippumattomuutta kaupunkeihin

Maailma – mukaan lukien Suomi – kaupungistuu, mikä tarkoittaa myös kuluttajien keskittymistä yhä pienemmälle pinta-alalle. Tästä seuraa usein mittakaavaetuja, joiden nähdään synnyttävän liiketoimintapotentiaalia eri alojen toimijoille. Tarkastelemme artikkelissa kaupungistumiseen liittyviä mahdollisuuksia puutarha-alan liiketoiminnalle. Teknologinen kehitys mahdollistaa kaupunkiympäristöjen hyödyntämisen uusin tavoin ruoantuotannossa. Tiivistämme Maiju ja Yrjö Rikalan puutarhasäätiön rahoittaman monivuotisen ”Voimakas – elinvoimaa puutarha-alan uudistumiseen ja kasvuun” -tutkimushankkeen havaintoja kaupungistuvaan toimintaympäristöön liittyen.</p

Ruokaa, hyvinvointia ja riippumattomuutta kaupunkeihin

Maailma – mukaan lukien Suomi – kaupungistuu, mikä tarkoittaa myös kuluttajien keskittymistä yhä pienemmälle pinta-alalle. Tästä seuraa usein mittakaavaetuja, joiden nähdään synnyttävän liiketoimintapotentiaalia eri alojen toimijoille. Tarkastelemme artikkelissa kaupungistumiseen liittyviä mahdollisuuksia puutarha-alan liiketoiminnalle. Teknologinen kehitys mahdollistaa kaupunkiympäristöjen hyödyntämisen uusin tavoin ruoantuotannossa. Tiivistämme Maiju ja Yrjö Rikalan puutarhasäätiön rahoittaman monivuotisen ”Voimakas – elinvoimaa puutarha-alan uudistumiseen ja kasvuun” -tutkimushankkeen havaintoja kaupungistuvaan toimintaympäristöön liittyen