Abnormalities of apoptosis of the thyroid gland cells from extratumoral microfollicular tissue

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of existence of thyroid extratumoral normo- and microfollicular tissue in patients with thyroid carcinoma and peculiarities of apoptosis in mentioned tissue. Materials and Methods: Using samples of normo- and microfollicular thyroid tissue it was determined the content of fragmented DNA and intensity of stimulated internucleosomal DNA fragmentation; activities of caspase-3 and cysteine lysosomal cathepsins. Results: It was found that normofollicular tissue is observed more often in patients with nodal euthyroid goiter but microfollicular tissue is more common for patients with carcinoma. Extratumoral microfollicular tissue was found in the thyroid of patients above 50 years old mostly, and more rarely in young ones. The fragmented DNA concentration in microfollicular tissue was lower by a factor of 3.5 and intensity of stimulated internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was also decreased. Activity both of cathepsin B in lisosomes and caspase-3 in lysates of such tissue was also decreased. Conclusions: The decrease of intensity of spontaneous apoptosis and the absence of its modulation/induction following proapoptotic factors in extratumoral microfollicular thyroid tissue may be considered as a respond of the thyroid gland tissue to an existence of carcinoma

Electromagnetic Performance of Waveguide Polarizers with Sizes Obtained by Single-Mode Technique and by Trust Region Optimization

Modern wireless networks, stationary terrestrial and satellite systems use many modern technologies to increase communication channels information capacity. They save limited frequency resources. In satellite communications the polarization signal processing is applied to reuse the allocated frequency bands. Usage of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, which transmit useful signals, reduces fading effects and eliminates disadvantages introduced by multipath propagation interferences. In this case the distortion levels for signals with an odd number of electromagnetic waves reflections in the receiving antenna systems will be reduced down to the thresholds of their cross-polarization isolation. Besides, in the case of orthogonal polarizations usage, the achieved information capacity of the applied wireless communication channel multiples almost by the factor of two. The type of polarization of the used electromagnetic wave strongly determinates the peculiarities of the process of its propagation in the space or transmission line. Polarization signal processing is frequently carried out in horn feed systems of the reflector antennas. Such feed networks and systems allow to transmit and receive signals with several kinds of polarization at the same time. The fundamental element of dual circular polarization antenna feed networks is a waveguide polarization duplexer. The phase, isolation and matching characteristics of a polarization converter strongly influence on the functionality and polarization discrimination possibilities of the entire reflector antenna system. Therefore, the development and optimization of the characteristics of waveguide polarizers for satellite communication antennas is a crucial technical problem, which must be solved by fast and accurate methods. The comparison of electromagnetic performance of waveguide polarizers with sizes obtained using a fast single-mode technique and by more accurate trust region optimization method is carried out in this research. The results for differential phase shift, level of voltage standing wave ratio, ellipticity coefficient and cross-polarization discrimination are shown and discussed

Caspase-3 activity in papillary thyroid carcinomas

The aim of this work was to assess caspase-3 activity in the tissue of papillary thyroid carcinomas of patients and analyze the peculiarities of changes in this activity depending upon a number of pathomorphological and clinical features of tumoral process

Digital methodology for improving efficiency of enterprises at the regional agro-industrial complex

The article examines the current mechanism of state management of the regional agroindustrial complex, studies the business processes of entrepreneurship in the agro-industrial complex of Russia and suggests methods to increase their activity. A digital methodology for making and optimizing management decisions is proposed, based on a multi-criteria assessment of an operating enterprise, district, region as a system that allows optimizing their activities