楽しみを伴う身体活動の減少は回避的生活行動と関連する

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(医学)Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciencedoctora

Considering the support of university students with autistic spectrum characteristics from point of view of resilience

レジリエンスとは，高リスク環境要因に対する抵抗力，あるいはストレスや逆境の克服を意味する。私たちは，自閉症スペクトラム（autism spectrum disorder: ASD）の併存症を発症することへの防御，または適応への回復，という意味でレジリエンスをとらえ，調査を行った。対象は，2015年4月から2017年10月までに当センターに来談した，ASD特性を持つ大学生74名（男子43名，女子31名）である。方法は，併存症，不登校や休学の有無，トラブル等の有無，レジリエンス因子等について検討した。レジリエンス因子としては，保護者や教員，友人のサポート，障害の受容，趣味をもつこと，関係性の希求があげられた。友人のサポートがない学生にトラブルが有意に多く，真面目な学生や趣味を持たない学生に不適応問題が有意に多かった。このことから，レジリエンスを強化する支援としては，サポート環境（特に友人）を整えること，趣味や自分に合ったサークル，バイトをすすめることがポイントであると思われた。Resilience means resistance to high-risk environmental factors or overcoming stress and adversity. We interpreted resilience as a defense against the onset of the comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or recovery to adaptation, and examined it. The subjects were 74 university students with characteristics of ASD (43 men and 31 women) who visited our center from April 2015 to October 2017. We examined such factors as the subjects’ comorbidities, presence or absence at school due to truancy or other short absences, troubles experienced, and resilience factors, which included support by parents, teachers, and friends, acceptance of disabilities, having a hobby, and the desire for a relationship. Students who did not have the support of friends experienced significantly more troubles, and students who were serious or who did not have a hobby had significantly more school absences. Key points in dealing with such students appear to be to support reinforcement of resilience, to arrange a support environment (especially friends), and to recommend hobbies, club activities, and part-time jobs

Stressors and depressive symptoms in university students who do not receive counseling

抑うつ症状を有する大学生への心理療法は有効であることが示されているが，これらの効果は心理療法を受けた者に限られる。今後は，悩みを抱えながら相談に来ない学生へのサポートも重要になると考えられる。そこで，悩みを抱えながら相談に来ない学生の特徴を明らかにするために，本研究では，カウンセリングを受けている大学生とカウンセリングを受けていない大学生で，抑うつ症状と各ストレッサーの頻度に違いがあるかを明らかにすることを目的とした。本研究の結果，カウンセリングを受けていない大学生のうち，37.57％の大学生が高い抑うつ症状を有し，およそ15% から20％の大学生が高ストレッサーにさらされていることも明らかになった。大学生にもストレスチェック制度のように，学生自身のストレスへの気づきを促し，メンタルヘルスの不調を予防するような取り組みが必要ではないかと考えられる。Psychotherapy is effective for university students with depressive symptoms, but these effects are limited to those who receive psychotherapy. In the future, it will be important to provide support for students who have such issues but do not come for counseling. Therefore, to determine the characteristics of students with depressive problems who do not attend counseling, this study aimed to examine whether there is a difference in the frequency of depressive symptoms and each stressor between university students who did and did not receive counseling. The results of this study revealed that 37.57% of university students who did not receive counseling had high depressive symptoms and around 15–20% of them were exposed to high stressors. This study suggested that measures may be necessary to encourage university students to be aware of their own stress to prevent mental health problems such as through the use of a stress check system.本研究は，JSPS科研費（19K14449）の助成を受けて実施された

Adjustment and course of students with eating disorders: Difficulties of students with characteristics of autism spectrum

目的：本研究の目的は，摂食障害学生の適応状況や進路に関する実態を明らかにすることである。 方法：対象は，2006年４月から2016年３月の間に保健管理センターを訪れた58人の摂食障害女子学生（留学生を除く）である。１）病型別（神経性やせ症：AN，神経性過食症：BN，過食性障害：BED，特定の摂食または摂食障害：OSFED），２）不登校群と登校群の病型，精神科的併存症，および自殺関連行動の比較，３）就職群と非職群の病型，併存症，および自殺関連行動の比較を行った。 結果：病型に関して，ANはAS特性が有意に多かった。不登校群は，登校群に比べて有意にうつ病が多かった。非就職群は，就職群に比べて有意にうつおよび自閉症スペクトラム特性が多かった。 結論：摂食障害学生の支援において，うつへの早期介入と自閉症スペクトラム特性の理解と支援が重要であると思われた。OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the current situation of students with eating disorders regarding adjustment status and their course. METHOD: The subjects were 58 female students with eating disorders (excluding international students) who visited the Health Service Center between April 2006 and March 2016. We retrospectively examined time of onset and psychiatric comorbidities of each disease type (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorders) and compared disease type, comorbidities, and suicidal behavior between the school truancy group and school attendance group and between the employment group and non-employment group. RESULTS: Regarding disease type, the students with anorexia nervosa exhibited significantly more characteristics of autism spectrum (AS). The school truancy group showed significantly more depression than the school attendance group. The non-employment group showed significantly more depression and characteristics of AS than the employment group. CONCLUSION: Early intervention for depression and support for characteristics of AS appeared to be important in students with eating disorders

Additional file 3: Figure S1. of A combination of TERT promoter mutation and MGMT methylation status predicts clinically relevant subgroups of newly diagnosed glioblastomas

Distributions of molecular alterations according to histology in Cohort 1. Figure S2. Kaplan-Meier analysis for Group A cases stratified by 1p/19q status. Figure S3. Kaplan-Meier analyses for GBM cases in Cohorts 1 and 2. (PPTX 172 kb