EffEct of brEEding sEason on thE kinEmatic paramEtErs and morphology of ram' spErm from synthEtic population bulgarian milk shEEp brEEd

abstract AbADjievA, D., M. Chervenkov, r. StefAnov, n. MetoDiev, e. kiStAnovA, D. kAChevA and e. rAyChevA, 2014. effect of breeding season on the kinematic parameters and morphology of ram' sperm from synthetic population bulgarian milk sheep breed. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., the aim of this study was the investigation of the breeding season effect on the kinematic and main spermatological parameters of the rams from Synthetic Population Bulgarian Milk sheep breed (SPBM), new Bulgarian breed certificated in 2005. the experiment was carried out with seven rams. Two consecutive ejaculates from each ram were obtained by artificial vagina before and during the breeding campaign (n=28). overall sperm motility and the individual kinematic parameters of motile spermatozoa were assessed by the computer-aided sperm analysis system Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA). the sperm morphology was estimated after sperm blue stain and calculated as a percent of abnormal cells among 100 sperm cells from several fields on the slide. it was found that the ejaculates obtained from SPbM rams during the breeding season had better features of sperm motion kinetics. the values of the velocity parameters (P< 0.05), motility (P< 0.05), and percentages of spermatozoa with rapid (P< 0.01) and medium (P< 0.001) speed were higher than those from the ejaculates collected before the breeding season. Minor and not significant changes in the kinematic parameters of motile spermatozoa in consecutive ejaculates were observed. No significant differences were established in morphological status of spermatozoa in nonbreeding and breeding season. It seems that the better sperm motility kinematic parameters during the breeding season ensure the higher sperm fertility and success on the future insemination

Possibilities of Using Rivaroxaban in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Data from Randomized Studies and Real Clinical Practice

The possibility of rivaroxaban using in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation is discussed in the review. The results of ROCKET-AF randomized trial, including subgroup analysis in patients older than 75 years, are presented. The problem of unreasonable prescription of low doses of anticoagulants in real clinical practice and questions of adherence of patients to anticoagulant therapy are discussed. The results of two recent studies of actual clinical practice performed in patients over the age of 80 and 85 years, respectively, are presented as well as favorable profile of the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in these age groups. Rivaroxaban reduced the risk of stroke/systemic embolism by 38% and ischemic stroke by 41% with a comparable risk of major bleeding in patients older than 80 years. In another study, in patients older than 85 years in the rivaroxaban group, a 11% reduction in the risk of death from all causes, a reduction in the risk of major bleeding by 10% and an acute coronary syndrome by 14%, with similar risk of stroke/systemic embolism, clinically significant minor bleeding and a combined endpoint (stroke/systemic embolism, large bleeding, death from all causes) have been found

Effect of cryopreservation on mitochondrial activity in buffalo sperm Bubalus bubalis

Sperm mitochondrial activity is investigated and used as “in vitro” spermatozoa vitality indicator and about quality effectiveness of different sperm diluents. It was studied the cytochemically activity of NADPH-diaphorase and LDH-C4 in cryopreserved buffalo sperm. Low intensity of the enzyme reaction was established in all examined sperm samples in both enzymes, regardless from the used cryoprotectors. The main part of the enzyme reaction was localized in mitochondrial sheath and in a very small degree in the head base of spermatozoa. No increase of the enzymes activities or the spermatozoa motility has been found after the incubating with Sp-TALP medium although the established caffeine stimulating effect on the glycolysis and fresh spermatozoa motility. Established by us low sperm motility after cryopreservation may be due to low LDH and NADPH-diaphorase activity due to glycolisis disturbances and ATP synthesis. This method allows to estimate quality of buffalo semen and to find some different disturbances in mitochondrial sheath, which could not be found by routine morphological studies and could be used in practice ejaculates with high number of metabolic active sperm cells