Wetland Sanctuary Co-management and Conflict: An Exploratory Study of the Impacts of the Baikka Beel Project in Bangladesh

In 2003, the Government of Bangladesh declared Baikka Beel, a 100-hectare wetland in the north-eastern part of the country, as a permanent wetland sanctuary conservation project intended to preserve its fish breeding and bio-diversity. Within the framework of the Borogangina Resource Management Organisation, a co-managed project was launched with the support of the USAID. Through a community husbandry initiative several NGOs and one multi-national company also took part in the project. Field research was conducted in 2012 to explore the socio-economic and environmental impacts of the co-managed project. The research revealed that the primary dependent group (i. e. the fishermen) who live in the surrounding vicinity were excluded from the co-management process and that the project impacted their economic, social, political and cultural lives considerably. The top-down approach apparently failed to persuade relevant stakeholders to buy in, resulting in a conflict among three relevant project stakeholder groups as they perceived and pursued their interests on a piecemeal basis

Degradation of Coastal Habitats and Aquatic Resources in the Upper Bay of Bengal : Is Aquatic Pollution to Blame?

Abstracts of 3rd UNU-ORI joint international workshop for marine environment海洋環境国際ワークショップ講演要

Control of Diabetes Mellitus and Long-Term Prognosis in Stroke Patients: The Shiga Stroke and Heart Attack Registry

BACKGROUND: The relationship between diabetes control status and long-term prognosis after stroke incidence remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of diabetes status at admission on long-term survival in patients with first-ever stroke. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the Shiga Stroke and Heart Attack Registry in Japan. Patients were classified according to their diabetes status and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value at hospital admission into the following: (1) free of diabetes (no history of diabetes and HbA1c <6.5%); (2) good control (history of diabetes and HbA1c <7%; free of history and 6.5% ≤HbA1c <7%); and (3) poor control (with or without a history of diabetes and HbA1c ≥7%). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between diabetes status and long-term survival from stroke onset. Additionally, we also evaluated the association between diabetes status and conditional survival, beginning 29 days after stroke onset. RESULTS: A total of 6, 331 first-ever stroke patients were eligible for this study. Among study patients, the mean (±SD) age was 72.85 ± 13.19 years, and the mean (±SD) follow-up year was 2.76 ± 1.66 years; additionally, 42.09% of patients were women. Among patients with all strokes, considering the free-of-diabetes group as the reference group, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for mortality was 1.26 (1.10, 1.44) in the good control group and 1.22 (1.05, 1.41) in the poor control group. Among patients with ischemic stroke, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.24 (1.06, 1.46) in good control group and 1.27 (1.08, 1.50) in poor control group. After excluding patients who died within 28 days, the adjusted hazard ratio for conditional mortality in the poor control group was 1.31 (1.12, 1.54) among all stroke patients and 1.29 (1.08, 1.54) among ischemic stroke patients. No significant associations were observed between diabetic status and long-term mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage patients. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that first-ever stroke patients with diabetes exhibited a higher risk of all-cause mortality than those without diabetes, particularly in the overall stroke and ischemic stroke populations. Additionally, in stroke populations after 28 days of onset, high risk of long-term mortality was stated in stroke patients with poor HbA1c control

Control of Diabetes Mellitus and Long-Term Prognosis in Stroke Patients : The Shiga Stroke and Heart Attack Registry.

Background:The relationship between diabetes control status and long-term prognosis after stroke incidence remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of diabetes status at admission on long-term survival in patients with first-ever stroke.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the Shiga Stroke and Heart Attack Registry in Japan. Patients were classified according to their diabetes status and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value at hospital admission into the following: (1) free of diabetes (no history of diabetes and HbA1c <6.5%); (2) good control (history of diabetes and HbA1c <7%; free of history and 6.5% ≤HbA1c <7%); and (3) poor control (with or without a history of diabetes and HbA1c ≥7%). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between diabetes status and long-term survival from stroke onset. Additionally, we also evaluated the association between diabetes status and conditional survival, beginning 29 days after stroke onset.Results:A total of 6,331 first-ever stroke patients were eligible for this study. Among study patients, the mean (±SD) age was 72.85 ± 13.19 years, and the mean (±SD) follow-up year was 2.76 ± 1.66 years; additionally, 42.09% of patients were women. Among patients with all strokes, considering the free-of-diabetes group as the reference group, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for mortality was 1.26 (1.10, 1.44) in the good control group and 1.22 (1.05, 1.41) in the poor control group. Among patients with ischemic stroke, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.24 (1.06, 1.46) in good control group and 1.27 (1.08, 1.50) in poor control group. After excluding patients who died within 28 days, the adjusted hazard ratio for conditional mortality in the poor control group was 1.31 (1.12, 1.54) among all stroke patients and 1.29 (1.08, 1.54) among ischemic stroke patients. No significant associations were observed between diabetic status and long-term mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage patients.Conclusions:The findings suggest that first-ever stroke patients with diabetes exhibited a higher risk of all-cause mortality than those without diabetes, particularly in the overall stroke and ischemic stroke populations. Additionally, in stroke populations after 28 days of onset, high risk of long-term mortality was stated in stroke patients with poor HbA1c control

日本人における脳卒中発症率と気温指標との関連：高島脳卒中登録 1988-2010

Circulation Journal. 2021 Nov 25;85(12):2215-2221.滋賀医科大学令和3年

Degradation of Coastal Habitats and Aquatic Resources in the Upper Bay of Bengal : Is Aquatic Pollution to Blame?

Abstracts of 3rd UNU-ORI joint international workshop for marine environment海洋環境国際ワークショップ講演要

An investigation of the variable coefficients modified KdV equation arising in arterial mechanics by using two expansion techniques

This article investigates the exact soliton solutions to the mKdV equation with time-dependent coefficients using the adapted sine-Gordon and modified simple equation approaches. The variations of the achieved solutions are demonstrated by plotting them with the corresponding solutions of the constant coefficients mKdV equation. Solitary waves with discrete wave profiles are developed from the resultant solution functions when specific values are assigned in place of the variable coefficients. The compatible two- and three-dimensional configurations show that the wave profiles are strongly affected by the variable wave velocity and its associated variable parameters. The analysis and interpretation emphasize the importance of the nonlinear evolution equations with time-varying coefficients, and it might open the purview to a notable domain of research

Exploring variable coefficient models: Insights into nonlinear wave behavior and soliton solutions in physical systems

The KdV-Burgers equation, featuring time-varying coefficients is a fundamental equation in the domain of wave propagation for wave propagation, dispersion, and dissipation in different physical systems. This equation is particularly useful for coastal engineering studies, flow analysis in rivers, open channels, and nonlinear phenomena across different physical systems. In this article, we derive feasible soliton solutions to the stated equation with time-varying coefficients through the tanh-expansion, exp (-φ(τ))-expansion, and modified simple equation approaches. The obtained solutions provide insightful information on wave and solitons behavior in diverse physical systems. The wave profiles in soliton shapes, including 3D and 2D waves, are significantly influenced by the variable wave velocity function and associated parameters. Such variations are not visible when the parameters are held constant. This study emphasizes the critical role of nonlinear evolution equations with time-dependent coefficients, leading to an exploration of an intriguing and challenging field of study

Social and structural determinants associated with the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among female commercial sex workers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh.

Female commercial sex workers (FCSWs) bear higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among key populations. The association of structural determinants and STIs among FCSWs was not at the forefront of research earlier in Bangladesh. This study examined how structural factors correlate with the prevalence of STIs at physical/social/economic/policy levels among FCSWs in Dhaka city. 495 FCSWs were screened for HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis. Structural variables (Individual risks, high-risk sexual behaviors, work environments) were extracted from the previous multi-level study on FCSWs and analyzed in 2020 to determine whether macro/micro-structural factors were associated with STIs. The prevalence of STIs was 43.6% (95% CI: 39.1%-48). Most (n = 207/495) FCSWs were infected with Syphilis or Hepatitis B, only 1.8% had co-infection, and none was positive for HIV. Multiple logistic regression revealed that 'Individual risk' factors like age (≤18 years, adjusted odds ratio = AOR = .28; 18.1-29.9 years, AOR = .57), years in the sex industry (<1 year AOR = .15; 1-5 years, AOR = .39), and condoms as contraceptives (AOR = 2.7) were significantly associated with STIs. Considering 'High-risk behaviors' like monthly coitus with regular clients (AOR = .33), performing no anal sex ever (AOR = .03), and consistent condom use (AOR = .13) were less likely to be associated with STIs (P<0.05), while the association of ever group sex with STIs reported to double (AOR = 2.1). 'Work environment' like sex on roads/parks/shrines/markets (AOR = 2.6) and ever HIV-testing (AOR = 2.5) were significantly linked with STIs. However, micro-level factors like experiencing forced sex in the past year (AOR = 1.79) and condoms collected from hotel boys (AOR = .34) were significantly associated with STIs in the 'Hierarchical- model' with increasing model-power. 'Micro-structural' determinants predominated over 'Macro/policy-level factors' and profoundly influenced STIs. FCSWs need comprehensive and integrated interventions to promote accurate condom use perception, eliminate risky sexual behaviors, and provide quality reproductive health care. Necessary steps at the policy level are urgently needed to decriminalize commercial sex work