377 research outputs found
The universal spectrum of AGNs and QSOs
The effects of the feedback of e(+)-e(-) pair reinjection in a plasma due to photon photon absorption of its own radiation are examined. A mechanism is presented which can produce an electron distribution function that can account for the overall spectral distribution of radiation of AGNs and QSOs and the specific slopes observed in the IR to UV and 2-50 keV bands. It is interesting to note that the necessary condition for this mechanism to work (i.e., most of energy injected at e(M sub e)(C sup 2) is realized in the accretion shock model of Kazanas and Ellison. This mechanism involves only one free parameter the compactness of the sources, L/R, whose mean value can also account for the diffuse gamma ray background in terms of AGNs
Photon-photon absorption and the uniqueness of the spectra of active galactic nuclei
The effects of the feedback of e(+)-e(-) pair reinjection in a plasma due to photon-photon absorption of its own radiation was examined. Under the assumption of continuous electron injection with a power law spectrum E to the minus gamma power and Compton losses only, it is shown that for gamma 2 the steady state electron distribution function has a unique form independent of the primary injection spectrum. This electron distribution function can, by synchrotron emission, reproduce the general characteristics of the observed radio to optical active galactic nuclei spectra. Inverse Compton scattering of the synchrotron photons by the same electron distribution can account for their X-ray spectra, and also implies gamma ray emission from these objects. This result is invoked to account for the similarity of these spectra, and it is consistent with observations of the diffuse gamma ray background
On the two states of CYG X-1 and related sources
A model for active galactic nuclei (AGN), employing quasi-spherical accretion onto a black hole, when scaled down to solar mass objects, provides a straightforward account of the bimodal spectral behavior of Cyg X-1 and the other galactic black hole candidates. It is argued that the change in the spectrum is due to the drastic increase of the source compactness (L/R) with the accretion rate m and the subsequent conversion of most of the energy released by accretion into e(+)e(-) pairs. It is also argued that similar changes may be observed in active galactic nuclei
The Supercritical Pile GRB Model: The Prompt to Afterglow Evolution
The "Supercritical Pile" is a very economical GRB model that provides for the
efficient conversion of the energy stored in the protons of a Relativistic
Blast Wave (RBW) into radiation and at the same time produces - in the prompt
GRB phase, even in the absence of any particle acceleration - a spectral peak
at energy MeV. We extend this model to include the evolution of the
RBW Lorentz factor and thus follow its spectral and temporal features
into the early GRB afterglow stage. One of the novel features of the present
treatment is the inclusion of the feedback of the GRB produced radiation on the
evolution of with radius. This feedback and the presence of kinematic
and dynamic thresholds in the model are sources of potentially very rich time
evolution which we have began to explore. In particular, one can this way
obtain afterglow light curves with steep decays followed by the more
conventional flatter afterglow slopes, while at the same time preserving the
desirable features of the model, i.e. the well defined relativistic electron
source and radiative processes that produce the proper peak in the spectra. In this note we present the results of a specific set of
parameters of this model with emphasis on the multiwavelength prompt emission
and transition to the early afterglow.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Corequake and shock heating model of the 5 March 1979 gamma ray burst
Ramatry, et al. proposed a model to account for the 5 March 1979 gamma ray burst in terms of a neutron star corequake and subsequent shock heating of the neutron star atmosphere. This model is extended by examining the overall energetics and characteristics of these shocks, taking into account the e(+)-e(-) pair production behind the shock. The effects of a dipole magnetic field in the shock jump conditions are also examined and it is concluded that the uneven heating produced by such a field can account for the temperature difference between pole and equator implied by the pulsating phase of the burst. The overall energetics and distribution of energy between e(+)-(-) pairs and photons appears to be in agreement with observations if this event is at a distance of 55 kpc as implied by its association with the Large Magellanic Cloud
The central engine of quasars and AGNs: A relativistic proton radiative shock
Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars (QSOs) appear to emit roughly equal energy per decade from radio to gamma-ray energies (e.g. Ramaty and Ligenfelter 1982). This argues strongly for a nonthermal radiation mechanism (see Rees 1984). In addition, statistical studies have indicated that the spectra of these objects in the IR-UV and 2 to 50 keV X-ray band, can be fitted very well with power laws of specific indices. These spectral indices do not seem to depend on the luminosity or morphology of the objects (Rothschild et al. 1983; Malkan 1984), and any theory should account for them in a basic and model independent way. If shocks accelerate relativistic protons via the first-order Fermi mechanism (e.g. Axfor 1981), the radiating electrons can be produced as secondaries throughout the source by proton-proton (p-p) collisions and pion decay, thus eliminating Compton losses (Protheroe and Kazanas 1983). As shown by Kazanas (1984), if relativistic electrons are injected at high energies, e+-e- pair production results in a steady state electron distribution that is very similar to that observed in AGNs, independent of the details of injection and the dynamics of the source. The conditions required by this mechanism are met in the shock model of Eichler (1984) and Ellison and Eichler (1984) which allows the self-consistent calculation of the shock acceleration efficiency
Relativistic particles and gamma-ray in quasars and active galactic nuclei
A model for a class of quasars and active galactic nuclei is described in which a shock around a massive black hole randomizes the infall kinetic energy of spherically accreting matter producing a nonthermal spectrum of high energy protons. These protons may be responsible for the secondary production (via tau + or - decay) of the radio emitting high energy electrons and also of high energy gamma rays (via pi decay and inverse Compton interactions of the electrons). The correlation between radio and gamma ray emission implied by the model is in good agreement with observations of 3C273. Observation of the flux of high energy neutrinos from quasars may provide a test for the model
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