448 research outputs found
Type of dual superconductivity for the Yang--Mills theory
We investigate the type of dual superconductivity responsible for quark
confinement. For this purpose, we solve the field equations of the
gauge-scalar model to obtain the static vortex solution in the whole range
without restricting to the long-distance region. Then we use the resulting
magnetic field of the vortex to fit the gauge-invariant chromoelectric field
connecting a pair of quark and antiquark which was measured by numerical
simulations for Yang--Mills theory on a lattice. This result improves
the accuracy of the fitted value for the Ginzburg--Landau parameter to
reconfirm the type I dual superconductivity for quark confinement which was
claimed by preceding works based on a fitting using the Clem ansatz. Moreover,
we calculate the Maxwell stress tensor to obtain the distribution of the force
around the flux tube. This result suggests that the attractive force acts among
chromoelectric flux tubes, in agreement with the type I dual superconductivity.Comment: 15 pages, v4-published versio
Tail concordance measures: A fair assessment of tail dependence
A new class of measures of bivariate tail dependence called tail concordance
measures (TCMs) is proposed, which is defined as the limit of a measure of
concordance of the underlying copula restricted to the tail region of interest.
TCMs captures the extremal relationship between random variables not only along
the diagonal but also along all angles weighted by a tail generating measure.
Axioms of tail dependence measures are introduced, and TCMs are shown to
characterize linear tail dependence measures. The infimum and supremum of TCMs
over all generating measures are considered to investigate the issue of under-
and overestimation of the degree of extreme co-movements. The infimum is shown
to be attained by the classical tail dependence coefficient, and thus the
classical notion always underestimates the degree of tail dependence. A formula
for the supremum TCM is derived and shown to overestimate the degree of extreme
co-movements. Estimators of the proposed measures are studied, and their
performance is demonstrated in numerical experiments. For a fair assessment of
tail dependence and stability of the estimation under small sample sizes, TCMs
weighted over all angles are suggested, with tail Spearman's rho and tail
Gini's gamma being interesting novel special cases of TCMs.Comment: 42 pages, 10 figures, 1 tabl
Investigating the gaze control ability of VALORANT players using a Python based tool
The current study investigated the gaze movements of FPS gamers in actual
game environments. We developed a low-cost analysis tool using Python to
identify gaze movements in real-world gaming environments. In Experiment 1, 11
middle-skilled and ten high-skilled FPS gamers performed a task under the
experimental condition. Gaze position, reaction time, and accuracy were
calculated during the task. Reaction time exhibited a significant positive
correlation with task accuracy, suggesting that speed and accuracy were
associated with higher game performance. The middle-skilled gamers had a
significantly wider horizontal gaze distribution than the high-skilled gamers,
and gaze distribution and reaction time showed a negative correlation. These
results suggested that high-skilled players utilize peripheral vision during
gameplay. In Experiment 2, 15 middle-skilled and 12 high-skilled FPS gamers
performed an actual FPS game match. The gaze distribution, kill/death/assist
ratio (KDA), and percentage of gaze on game information were calculated. In
experiment 2, gaze locations in less important areas were positively correlated
with KDA. Thus, performance was determined by the important areas where the
gaze was focused rather than by the coordination of gaze position alone.
Therefore, a broader range of environments is necessary to comprehend the
superior performance of FPS gamers.Comment: 8 Pages, 8 figures, submitted in IEEE Transactions on Game
A Flexible Power Control Method for Right Power Testing of Scan-Based Logic BIST
High power dissipation during scan-based logic BIST is a crucial problem that leads to over-testing. Although controlling test power of a circuit under test (CUT) to an appropriate level is strongly required, it is not easy to control test power in BIST. This paper proposes a novel power controlling method to control the toggle rate of the patterns to an arbitrary level by modifying pseudo random patterns generated by a TPG (Test Pattern Generator) of logic BIST. While many approaches have been proposed to control the toggle rate of the patterns, the proposed approach can provide higher fault coverage. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can control toggle rates to a predetermined target level and modified patterns can achieve high fault coverage without increasing test time.2016 IEEE 25th Asian Test Symposium (ATS), 21-24 Nov. 2016, Hiroshima, Japa
On Flip-Flop Selection for Multi-cycle Scan Test with Partial Observation in Logic BIST
Multi-cycle test with partial observation for scan-based logic BIST is known as one of effective methods to improve fault coverage without increase of test time. In the method, the selection of flip-flops for partial observation is critical to achieve high fault coverage with small area overhead. This paper proposes a selection method under the limitation to a number of flip-flops. The method consists of structural analysis of CUT and logic simulation of test vectors, therefore, it provides an easy implementation and a good scalability. Experimental results on benchmark circuits show that the method obtains higher fault coverage with less area overhead than the original method. Also the relation between the number of selected flip-flops and fault coverage is investigated.27th IEEE ASIAN TEST SYMPOSIUM (ATS\u2718), 15-18 October 2018, Hefei, Chin
Analysis of the Cost-effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy in Early Stage Lung Cancer
Methods A cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out for photodynamic therapy (PDT)
performed in early stage lung cancer cases, which by definition have no lymph node metastasis.
The alternative treatment method was lobectomy, which conventionally would have
been the first choice of treatment. Costs (C) and effectiveness (E) both of the PDT group
and operation group were compared. Effectiveness was determined using quality adjusted
life years saved (QALYs) which is the 5-year survival rate adjusted in terms of the quality
of life of the patient, and the cost-effectiveness rate was obtained based on the costs of
treatment methods during the patient's stay in the hospital. Health care costs, including
drugs, were calculated according to the 1992 National Health Insurance list in yen. Costs
which were non-reimbursable by the public insurance system, such as for special rooms and
sun block cream, were also expressed in yen
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