Higher Dimensional Metrics of Colliding Gravitational Plane Waves

We give a higher even dimensional extension of vacuum colliding gravitational plane waves with the combinations of collinear and non-collinear polarized four-dimensional metric. The singularity structure of space-time depends on the parameters of the solution.Comment: 4 pages RevTex

An investigation of the behavior of header end-plate connections under monotonic loading

In seismically active regions such as Turkey, the context of the nonlinearity provided by a building is based on the behaviors of structural components; beams, columns and their connections constituting the seismic force resisting system of the structure. Of these members, beam-to-column connections can play a considerably important role even if they have a capability of limited stiffness and flexural strength. Structural steel connections are mainly classified as a pinned or a moment connection. However, some beam-to-column connections having limited stiffness and flexural strength, which are called semi-rigid connections such as header end-plate connections designed so as to transmit only shear forces, can be characterized by moment-rotation relationship. This paper investigates the behavior of header end-plate connections using finite element (FE) modeling. The FE models include material, geometrical and contact nonlinearities. FE modeling technique was first verified through the test results of the experimental research performed by Aggarwal (1990). Then the effect of header end-plate thickness upon moment-rotation relationship was investigated. According to the analyses results, in addition to shear stresses, axial tensile stresses have been observed to occur in the bolts at the tension side and thickness of the header end-plate and beam web play a governing role in the development of initial rotational stiffness and the flexural strength of header end-plate connections

Benign Tumors of Temporomandibular Joint

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) forms a complex functional system with teeth, bones, connected muscles and ligaments. Any discomfort in any of these structures directly affects the joint. The complaints are mostly pain, malocclusion and swelling. Temporomandibular joint tumors are very uncommon but show symptoms similar to intra-articular disorders that make up most of these disorders. The most common TMJ-specific benign tumors are classified after a brief literature review. Our classification also includes the osteoma of the TMJ, other than World Health Organization’s (WHO) classification of soft tissue and bone tumors. This benign tumor was also included in the classification because of its higher frequency in the literature. The treatment of these neoplasms may be conservative or radical surgery

Schreibkompetenzen angehender Deutschlehrer bei der Erstellung eines wissenschaftlichen Textes

Schreibkompetenz gehört zu den produktiven Fertigkeiten, über die Studierende des Faches Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) für die schriftliche Kommunikation und wissenschaftliche Zwecke in Form von schriftlichen Texten verfügen müssen. Während die Weiterentwicklung von Schreibfähigkeiten wie Vorschreiben, Organisieren, Entwerfen und Ausarbeiten sicherlich ein wichtiges Ziel für Bildungseinrichtungen auf allen Ebenen ist, stellt dies auch eine große Herausforderung für Lehrende und Lernende dar, insbesondere im Fremdsprachenunterricht. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher es, die akademische Schreibkompetenz in der Fremdsprache Deutsch angehender türkischen Deutschlehrer an der pädagogischen Fakultät der Anadolu Universität zu untersuchen. Damit wird die Forschungsfrage der vorliegenden qualitativen Arbeit aufgestellt, wie die akademische Schreibkompetenz der Studierenden beurteilt werden kann. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage ist auf der ersten Ebene die wissenschaftliche Schreibkompetenz der Studierenden einzuschätzen. Die zu einer bestimmten Frist selbstgestalteten Aufgaben von Probanden werden aus der Sicht der qualitativen Herangehensweise und der Inhaltsanalyse nach ihrem Textinhalt, Textaufbau und der angewendeten Sprache hin untersucht, kodiert, nach dem Ziel der Forschung nochmals rekonstruiert und nach ihren Oberbegriffen zusammengefasst. Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen lässt sich die Hypothese formulieren, in wieweit die Studierenden notwendige akademische Schreibkenntnisse besitzen und von welchen Strategien sie während der Bearbeitung ihrer eigenen produzierten Texte heranziehen. Aus dieser Studie ergibt sich des Weiteren die Schlussfolgerung, dass die Studierenden über das Wissen zum Verfassen wissenschaftlicher Texte verfügen, aber Unterstützung beim Verfassen wissenschaftlicher Texte benötigen. Schreiblabore und auch Seminare diesbezüglich, in denen Tutoren oder Postgraduierte zusammenarbeiten und Hilfestellung anbieten, könnten die Schreibfähigkeiten der Studierenden fördern

Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir plus Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir +/- Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population.Material and Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)+/- ribavirin (RBV) ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir (PrOD)+/- RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, factors affecting SVR, safety profile, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) occurrence were analyzed.Results: SVR12 was achieved in 92.8% of the patients (4,040/4,352) according to intention-to-treat and in 98.3% of the patients (4,040/4,108) according to per-protocol analysis. The SVR12 rates were similar between the treatment regimens (97.2%-100%) and genotypes (95.6%-100%). Patients achieving SVR showed a significant decrease in the mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (50.90 +/- 54.60 U/L to 17.00 +/- 14.50 U/L) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (7.51 +/- 4.54 to 7.32 +/- 3.40) (p<0.05). Of the patients, 2 were diagnosed with HCC during the treatment and 14 were diagnosed with HCC 37.0 +/- 16.0 weeks post-treatment. Higher initial MELD score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.38; p=0.023]), higher hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-2.28; p=0.038), and higher serum ALT levels (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83; p=0.042) were associated with poor SVR12. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12.6%), pruritis (7.3%), increased serum ALT (4.7%) and bilirubin (3.8%) levels, and anemia (3.1%).Conclusion: LDV/SOF or PrOD +/- RBV were effective and tolerable treatments for patients with CHC and with or without advanced liver disease before and after liver transplantation. Although HCV eradication improves the liver function, there is a risk of developing HCC.Turkish Association for the Study of The Liver (TASL

Tile mosaic tecnique in Ottoman tile art

Çini mozaik tekniğinin ortaya çıkışı ve gelişimi hakkında eldeki mevcut yapılar doğrultusunda incelemeler yapılmaktadır. Ne yazık ki Moğol istilaları yüzünden İran'da Büyük Selçuklular döneminde yapılmış olan birçok yapının günümüze ulaşamadığı bilinmektedir ve sonuç olarak çini mozaik tekniğinin gelişim evrelerini tam olarak anlamak oldukça zorlaşmaktadır. İran'da ortaya çıktığı düşünülen çini mozaik tekniği asıl önemli gelişimini Anadolu'da Selçuklular döneminde yapmıştır. Anadolu Selçuklu mimarisinde yoğun olarak kullanılan çini mozaik tekniği, Osmanlı döneminde yerini yavaş yavaş renkli sır tekniğine bırakmaya başlamıştır. Osmanlı döneminde görülen çini mozaik süslemelerin renkli sır tekniği ile birlikte kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Çini mozaik tekniği farklı çini levhalardan kesilerek oluşturulduğu için oldukça büyük ustalık istemekte, renkli sır tekniği ise aynı kompozisyonu tek bir levha üzerinde yapma olağanı sağlamaktadır. Bu sebeple ilk örneklerde çini mozaik tekniği ile beraber kullanılırken daha sonra bu tekniğin yerini almıştır.Mosaic tiles on the emergence and development of existing structures in accordance with the present investigation is done. Unfortunately, because of Moğol invasions are known that in İran a lot of structures of Seljuks havent been reached and thus it is so hard to understand development stages of mosaic tile. Tile mosaic tecnique was thought to appear in İran, but its important development was at Anatolia Seljuks' period. Tile mosaic tecnique was intensely used at Anatolia Seljuks architecture and colured glaze tecnique slowly replaced the tile mosaic tecnique at Ottoman Period. İt is seen that Ottoman period's tile mosaic tecnique was used with colored glazed tecnique. While tile mosaic tecnique was cut from different tile plates, colored glazed tecnique was made up from single tile plate. Thus colored glazed tiles was used with tile mosaic tecnique at first examples and than it replaced tile mosaic tecnique

Uzaktan Eğitim ve Yabancı Dil Öğrenme Özerkliği

Uzaktan eğitim yaklaşık 200 sene önce mektup aracılığı ile yapılan steno dersleriyle başlamış olsa da kavramın sistematik olarak eğitimde uygulanması teknolojinin gelişmesiyle paralellik gösterir. Yüz yüze eğitimin belirli bir zamanı, mekânı gerektirmek gibi bazı sınırlılıkları vardır. Yeni medyanın insanların hayatına girmesi ile iletişimin şeklinin değişmesi, bilim insanlarının uzaktan eğitime ilgisini arttırmıştır. Çünkü teknolojik ilerlemeler eğitim sistemini kökten değiştirebilecek duruma gelmiştir ve yüz-yüze eğitimdeki zamana ve mekâna bağlı olma zorunluluğunu ortadan kaldırabilecek potansiyele sahiptir. Bu durum dil öğrenen insanlara daha bireysel ve öz yönetimli öğrenme imkanı sağlar. Uzaktan eğitime dair birçok tanımlama çeşitli kuramlar çerçevesinde yapılmıştır. "Uzaktan Eğitim" teknolojinin sunduğu imkânlar ölçüsünde daima geliştirilmeye açık bir eğitim biçimidir. Bazı ülkeler uzaktan eğitimin önemini daha önce görmüş ve bu konuda yoğun çaba göstermişlerdir. Bu çabalar sonucu uzaktan eğitim, geleneksel eğitime hem bir yol arkadaşı hem de onun ezeli rakibi olabilecek duruma gelmiştir. Bireyselleşme olgusunun gün geçtikçe arttığı ve ortamdan bağımsız öğrenme imkânlarının çok kolaylaştığı 2000'li yıllar eğitimde teknolojiyle bütünleşmiş bir dönüşümü zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Birbiri içine bu denli girmiş çok değişkenli süreçler, eğitim-öğretimde öğrenci ve öğretmenlerin geleneksel görev ve sorumluluklarını da değiştirmektedir. Dil öğrenenlerin kendi başlarına öğrenme ortamlarını düzenleyebilmeleri ve bu ortamlardan verimli şekilde yararlanabilmeleri için sınıf içi ve sınıf dışı öğrenme ortamlarının eğitsel ilkeler açısından düzenlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu amaca ulaşabilmek için dil öğretimi ile ilgilenen kişilerin özerk öğrenmeyi etkileyen etkenleri ve onların öğretimde nasıl uygulanacağını bilmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı uzaktan eğitim kavramını genel hatları ile tanıtmak, uzaktan eğitimde öğrenci özerkliği kavramının ortaya çıkışını temel kuramlar çerçevesinde incelemek ve bu kapsamda dil öğrenme özerkliğini tartışmaktır.Although the concept of distance learning has a history of about 200 years, its systematic implementation in education goes in accordance with technological development. In contrast to distance learning, conventional direct teaching has its own limitations, such as the need for time and place. The change in the form of communication and the easiness of conversation in digital environments make it therefore necessary for scientists to show growing interest in distance learning over time. Since the technological progress leads to the drastic change of the education, and the removal of local and time limitations in face-to-face education through the positive contribution of new technologies. This fact provides a more individual and self-managed learning opportunity for language learners. Several definitions of the term "distance learning" were created on the basis of various theories. Distance learning is a form of education which continuously develops itself in accordance with the possibilities of technology. Some countries have recognized the need for distance learning and have been working intensively on this issue. As a result of these efforts, distance learning has become both a companion of traditional education and its opponent. In the 2000s, when the phenomenon of individualization increased day by day and the possibilities for independent learning or autonomous learning became much easier, an integrated transformation of technology in education became compulsory. Such multivariate processes, which merge into each other, also change the traditional duties and responsibilities of students and teachers in education. In order to enable language learners to organize and efficiently benefit from their learning environments, learning inside and outside the classroom should be established based on basic didactic and methodological principles. The aim of this article is to emphasize the concept of distance learning in general, to examine the emergence of the concept of learner autonomy in distance learning in the context of basic theories, and to discuss language learning autonomy in this context

Der Begriff "Autonomie" in den pädagogischen Strömungen und sein geschichtlicher Hintergrund im Fremdsprachenunterricht

Lernerautonomie wird heute als ein wichtiges pädagogisches Konzept im Rahmen der Planung des Bildungsprozesses angesehen und scheint einer der wichtigsten Voraussetzungen für die Förderung des Paradigmas des lebenslangen Lernens zu sein. Zahlreiche Autoren kommen zu einer unterschiedlichen Definition des Begriffs "Autonomie". Dieser uneinheitliche terminologische Gebrauch ist eine Folge der etymologischen Geschichte des Begriffs "Autonomie". Es wurde durch Literaturrecherche festgestellt, dass der konstruktivistische Ansatz, der aus der Sicht von Forschern wie u. a. Dewey, Piaget, Freire und Wygotski dargelegt wurde, eine aktive Rolle bei der Entstehung der Lernerautonomie spielte. Die Tatsache, dass der Begriff "Autonomie" seinen Platz in vielen Strömungen und bei mehreren Autoren findet, hat zu einer Erweiterung der Bedeutung dieses Begriffes geführt. Obwohl diese Bedeutungserweiterungen das Konzept schwer verständlich machen, kann man davon sprechen, dass es sich dabei um einen wirklichen Reichtum handelt. Die Geschichte des Begriffs "Autonomie", bevor er beim Fremdsprachenunterricht zur Anwendung kam, wird als Leitfaden dafür dienen, wie er in diesem Bereich verwendet werden sollte. Aus diesem Grund untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit das Konzept der "Autonomie" in pädagogischen Strömungen, anhand einiger Vorläufer des Autonomiebegriffs. Dabei wird auch die Frühgeschichte der Autonomie in Bezug auf den Fremdsprachenunterricht zur Debatte gestellt.Learner autonomy is today considered an important pedagogical concept in the planning of educational processes and seems to be one of the most important prerequisites for promoting lifelong learning. Several scholars have proposed different definitions of the term "autonomy". This variant terminological use is a consequence of the etymological history of the term "autonomy". The literature suggests that the constructivist approach, which is presented from the perspectives of researchers such as Dewey, Piaget, Freire and Vygotsky among many others, played an active role in the emergence of learner autonomy as a separate research field. The fact that the term "autonomy" finds its place in many paradigms extends the understanding of the term. The history of the term "autonomy" before it was used in foreign language teaching will serve as a guide to how it should be used in it. For this reason, the present work examines the concept of "autonomy" in different pedagogical paradigms on the basis of some prerequisites of the concept of autonomy. Also, the early history of autonomy in relation to foreign language teaching is discussed

The Relationship of Renal Augmented Velocity Index With Ventricular-Arterial Coupling in Comparison to Renal Resistive Index Analysis by Means of Arterial and Ventricular Elastances in Hypertensive Patients

The study conducted on untreated hypertensive patients to explore the association between a new Doppler parameter called the augmented velocity index (Avi) and ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC), effective arterial elastance (Ea), and left ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees). The study aims to determine the potential clinical utility of Avi in assessing arterial hemodynamics and its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients with normal kidney function. The findings suggest that Avi is strongly associated with Ea and VAC, highlighting its potential as a sensitive measure for detecting subtle changes in cardiovascular performance. Further research is needed to validate its usefulness in different disease states and understand the underlying mechanisms. The study's importance lies in its investigation of the new Doppler parameter, Avi, and its potential clinical significance in assessing arterial hemodynamics and cardiovascular (CV) performance in untreated hypertensive patients with normal kidney function. Avi's strong association with effective arterial elastance (Ea) and ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) suggests its sensitivity in detecting early changes in CV function. If validated, Avi could become a valuable noninvasive tool for identifying patients at higher CV risk and guiding therapeutic approaches in hypertension management. Understanding this parameter's significance may lead to improved risk prediction and personalized treatment strategies for hypertensive individuals, ultimately reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases.</p