From the organizational ecology theory to strategic management approach

Bu çalışmada, günümüz yönetim yaklaşımlarından biri olan örgüt ekolojisi kuramının hangi yönde değiştiğini göstermek amaçlanmıştır. Bahsedilen bu kuram savunulduğu dönem içerisinde örgüt yapılarının çevre ile uyumunun açıklanmasında bir boşluk doldurmuştur. Örgüt ekolojisi kuramına göre; doğadaki canlı varlıklar nasıl doğal bir seçimle elenip bir kısmı yaşamını kaybediyor, diğer kısmı ise bir evrim içinde gelişerek yaşamlarını sürdürüyorsa, örgütler için de durum bunun bir benzeridir. Bu kuramsal çalışmada örgütlerin gelişmesinde çevre ile ilişkileri, örgüt ekolojisi kuramı ve stratejik yönetim anlayışı çerçevesinde belirtilmeye çalışılmıştır.In this study, it is aimed to point out the direction of change in the organizational ecology theory, which is one of the management approaches today. When it was promoted, this theory provided a way to clarify the harmony between the organizational structures and the environment. According to the organizational ecology theory, business organizations act as living organisms in that they undergo a natural selection in which some die out while others evolve and survive. In this theoretical study, the relationships of organizations with their environment in their development was tried to be explained within the framework of the organizational ecology theory and the strategic management approach

The Effects of Infliximab on Laminin, NF κ

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of infliximab on expression of laminin, anti-TNF, and NFκB in the rat hepatic cells after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). A total of 30 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: Control (C), sham I/R (ISC), and I/R+ infliximab (ISC inf); each group comprised 10 animals. C group animals underwent laparotomy without I/R injury. In ISC groups after undergoing laparotomy, 1 hour of superior mesenteric artery ligation was done, which was followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. In the ISC inf group, 3 days before I/R, infliximab (3 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. All animals were killed at the end of reperfusion and hepatic tissue samples were obtained for histopathological and histochemical investigations in all groups. Laminin, anti-TNF, and NFκB immunoreactivity were performed for all groups. ISC caused severe histopathological injury including mucosal erosions, inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis, hemorrhage, and villous congestion. Infliximab treatment significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal I/R injury and it is shown by laminin, anti-TNF, and NFκB immunoreactivity. Because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, infliximab pretreatment may have protective effects on hepatic cells in the experimental intestinal I/R model of rats

Influence of infliximab pretreatment on ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat intestine

Erdivanli, Basar/0000-0002-3955-8242;WOS: 000335969500004PubMed: 24802959The Pringle maneuver is used in hepatic surgery to prevent blood loss but is associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury. To investigate the effect of infliximab on inflammation and apoptosis in rat intestinal mucosa during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. A total of 30 male Wistar albino rats were equally divided into three groups to be subjected to (i) sham operation (sham), (ii) IR injury via Pringle maneuver (pringle) or (iii) infliximab (IFX) group (IFX was given at a dose 3 mg/kg for 3 days before IR injury). Following reperfusion period of 60 min., intestinal tissue and blood samples were taken and processed by standard histological methods. the Pringle maneuver and following reperfusion caused significant histopathological changes, increased serum transaminases' activity and the levels of oxidative stress markers and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity. IFX pretreatment partially prevented these changes. Infliximab pretreatment may protect intestinal mucosa against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further studies are needed to investigate mechanism and evaluate safety and optimal dosing of IFX in humans exposed to the possible tissue damage by ischemia-reperfusion

Influence of infliximab pretreatment on ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat intestine

The Pringle maneuver is used in hepatic surgery to prevent blood loss but is associated with ischemia- reperfusion injury. To investigate the effect of infliximab on inflammation and apoptosis in rat intestinal mucosa during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. A total of 30 male Wistar albino rats were equally divided into three groups to be subjected to (i) sham operation (sham), (ii) IR injury via Pringle maneuver (pringle) or (iii) infliximab (IFX) group (IFX was given at a dose 3 mg/kg for 3 days before IR injury). Following reperfusion period of 60 min., intestinal tissue and blood samples were taken and processed by standard histological methods. The Pringle maneuver and following reperfusion caused significant histopathological changes, increased serum transaminases’ activity and the levels of oxidative stress markers and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity. IFX pretreatment partially prevented these changes. Infliximab pretreatment may protect intestinal mucosa against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further studies are needed to investigate mechanism and evaluate safety and optimal dosing of IFX in humans exposed to the possible tissue damage by ischemia-reperfusion. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2014, Vol. 52, No. 1, 36–41

Characterization of greater middle eastern genetic variation for enhanced disease gene discovery

The Greater Middle East (GME) has been a central hub of human migration and population admixture. The tradition of consanguinity, variably practiced in the Persian Gulf region, North Africa, and Central Asia1-3, has resulted in an elevated burden of recessive disease4. Here we generated a whole-exome GME variome from 1,111 unrelated subjects. We detected substantial diversity and admixture in continental and subregional populations, corresponding to several ancient founder populations with little evidence of bottlenecks. Measured consanguinity rates were an order of magnitude above those in other sampled populations, and the GME population exhibited an increased burden of runs of homozygosity (ROHs) but showed no evidence for reduced burden of deleterious variation due to classically theorized ‘genetic purging’. Applying this database to unsolved recessive conditions in the GME population reduced the number of potential disease-causing variants by four- to sevenfold. These results show variegated genetic architecture in GME populations and support future human genetic discoveries in Mendelian and population genetics

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

ÜRETİM SEKTÖRÜNDE FAALİYET GÖSTEREN KOBİLERDE ISO 9000’NİN ETKİLİ UYGULAMASI İÇİN KRİTİK BAŞARI FAKTÖRLERİ (CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF ISO 9000 IN SME’S OPERATING IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR)

ISO 9000 for quality is one of the most applicable strategies by businesses all over the world. ISO 9000 has been one of important issues in many developing countries including Turkey. Up to now less study is published on the successful use of ISO 9000 Quality Management System, critical success factors and application problems in SME’s. The purpose of this study is to investigate the critical success factors for the effective implementation of ISO 9000 standard in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME’s) operating in the manufacturing sector in Turkey.This empirical study has been carried out with a sample of 246 ISO 9000-certified SME’s selected from enterprises operating in manufacturing sector in Turkey. Data were obtained by a questionnaire survey of the managers responsible for quality in each of the sample SME’s. Critical success factors for the effective implementation of ISO 9000 were assessed for importance by simple descriptive statistics.This study provides practical guidance for SME’s operating in manufacturing sector and seeking to implement the ISO 9000 standard effectively

The Use of Social Media in SMEs: A Case Study for Burdur, Turkey

In today’s business world, social media tools (i.e. facebook, twitter, Linkedin, etc.) begin to play an important role in reaching and communicating with customers for businesses. However, the importance of using social media can’t be still understood by SMEs so far.  Businesses use different social media tools in various purposes in their life. In this research we aim to investigate the ideas of SMEs about social media and their aims of using social media tools. Data were collected from SMEs operating in Burdur by simple random sampling. The data obtained from the 84 questionnaires was entered to computer and statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS 20 statistical program. In this study, reliability analysis was used firstly. Then, some descriptive analyses were carried out about using social media for SMEs. Finally, a frequency table regarding the social media usage in SMEs was given. As a result, it was seen that 82.1% of SMEs participating in this study have a social network page. Secondly, SMEs are using facebook social media network mostly. In addition, SMEs have expressed that they attend all statements involved in the use of social media scale

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF ISO 9000 IN SME'S OPERATING IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR

ISO 9000 bütün dünyada kalite konusunda işletmeler tarafından en çok uygulananstratejilerden biridir. ISO 9000, Türkiye'nin de içinde bulunduğu gelişmekte olan birçokülkede önemli konulardan biri olmuştur. Bugüne kadar KOBİ'lerde ISO 9000 KaliteYönetim Sistemi'nin başarılı bir şekilde uygulanması, kritik başarı faktörleri ve uygulamasorunları ile ilgili çok az sayıda çalışma yayımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deüretim sektöründe faaliyet gösteren KOBİ'lerde ISO 9000 standardının etkili uygulanmasıiçin kritik başarı faktörlerinin araştırılmasıdır.Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de üretim yapan işletmeler arasından seçilen ISO 9000sertifikalı 246 KOBİ'den oluşan bir örneklemde yürütülmüştür. Veriler, her bir örnekişletmede kaliteden sorumlu yöneticilere yapılan anket ile elde edilmiştir. ISO 9000'ninetkili uygulanabilmesi için kritik başarı faktörleri önemlilikleri bakımından basittanımlayıcı istatistik ile değerlendirilmiştir.Bu çalışma, üretim sektöründe faaliyet gösteren ve ISO 9000 standardını etkili birşekilde uygulamak isteyen KOBİ'ler için pratik bir rehberdir. ISO 9000 for quality is one of the most applicable strategies by businesses all overthe world. ISO 9000 has been one of important issues in many developing countriesincluding Turkey. Up to now less study is published on the successful use of ISO 9000Quality Management System, critical success factors and application problems in SME's.The purpose of this study is to investigate the critical success factors for the effectiveimplementation of ISO 9000 standard in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME's)operating in the manufacturing sector in Turkey.This empirical study has been carried out with a sample of 246 ISO 9000-certifiedSME's selected from enterprises operating in manufacturing sector in Turkey. Data were obtained by a questionnaire survey of the managers responsible for quality in each of thesample SME's. Critical success factors for the effective implementation of ISO 9000 wereassessed for importance by simple descriptive statistics.This study provides practical guidance for SME's operating in manufacturingsector and seeking to implement the ISO 9000 standard effectively

Birey-örgüt uyumunun iş doyumu ve örgüte bağlılık üzerine etkisi

Genel olarak, bireyin değerleri ile örgütün değerleri arasındaki uygunluk ya da benzerlik derecesi olarak tanımlanan birey-örgüt uyumu örgütlerin başarısı için gerekli olan temel faktörlerden biridir. Organizasyonlar, kültürel değerlerde uygunluk esaslı işgören seçme ve yerleştirme süreçlerini kullanarak ya da sosyalizasyon taktiklerine başvurarak örgütlerinde birey-örgüt uyumunu gerçekleştirmelidir. Araştırmanın amacı birey-örgüt uyumu, örgüte bağlılık ve iş doyumu arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Bu çerçevede Dalaman Uluslararası Havalimanı çalışanları üzerinde anket çalışması yapılarak birey-örgüt uyumu ve sonuçlarına ilişkin verilere ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, birey-örgüt uyumu ile örgüte bağlılık ve iş doyumu arasında pozitif yönde ilişkilerin bulunduğunu göstermiştir.Person-organization fit which is generally described as a degree of compatibility or similarity between the person's values and the organization's values is one of the basic factors required for an organization's success. Organizations should accomplish person-organization fit in their organizations by using employee selection and placement processes based on compliance in cultural values or by applying socialization tactics. The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships between person-organization fit, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. In this context, we have reached some findings about person-organization fit and its outcomes by conducting a survey on employees of businesses operating in Dalaman International Airport. The findings have shown us there is a statistically positive correlation between person-organization fit and organizational commitment and job satisfaction