19 research outputs found
Coronal mass ejections as expanding force-free structures
We mode Solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as expanding force-fee magnetic
structures and find the self-similar dynamics of configurations with spatially
constant \alpha, where {\bf J} =\alpha {\bf B}, in spherical and cylindrical
geometries, expanding spheromaks and expanding Lundquist fields
correspondingly. The field structures remain force-free, under the conventional
non-relativistic assumption that the dynamical effects of the inductive
electric fields can be neglected. While keeping the internal magnetic field
structure of the stationary solutions, expansion leads to complicated internal
velocities and rotation, induced by inductive electric field. The structures
depends only on overall radius R(t) and rate of expansion \dot{R}(t) measured
at a given moment, and thus are applicable to arbitrary expansion laws. In case
of cylindrical Lundquist fields, the flux conservation requires that both axial
and radial expansion proceed with equal rates. In accordance with observations,
the model predicts that the maximum magnetic field is reached before the
spacecraft reaches the geometric center of a CME.Comment: 19 pages, 9 Figures, accepted by Solar Physic
Effects of momentum conservation on the analysis of anisotropic flow
We present a general method for taking into account correlations due to
momentum conservation in the analysis of anisotropic flow, either by using the
two-particle correlation method or the standard flow vector method. In the
latter, the correlation between the particle and the flow vector is either
corrected through a redefinition (shift) of the flow vector, or subtracted
explicitly from the observed flow coefficient. In addition, momentum
conservation contributes to the reaction plane resolution. Momentum
conservation mostly affects the first harmonic in azimuthal distributions,
i.e., directed flow. It also modifies higher harmonics, for instance elliptic
flow, when they are measured with respect to a first harmonic event plane such
as one determined with the standard transverse momentum method. Our method is
illustrated by application to NA49 data on pion directed flow.Comment: RevTeX 4, 10 pages, 1 eps figure. Version accepted for publication in
Phys Rev
Magnetic Field Generation in Stars
Enormous progress has been made on observing stellar magnetism in stars from
the main sequence through to compact objects. Recent data have thrown into
sharper relief the vexed question of the origin of stellar magnetic fields,
which remains one of the main unanswered questions in astrophysics. In this
chapter we review recent work in this area of research. In particular, we look
at the fossil field hypothesis which links magnetism in compact stars to
magnetism in main sequence and pre-main sequence stars and we consider why its
feasibility has now been questioned particularly in the context of highly
magnetic white dwarfs. We also review the fossil versus dynamo debate in the
context of neutron stars and the roles played by key physical processes such as
buoyancy, helicity, and superfluid turbulence,in the generation and stability
of neutron star fields.
Independent information on the internal magnetic field of neutron stars will
come from future gravitational wave detections. Thus we maybe at the dawn of a
new era of exciting discoveries in compact star magnetism driven by the opening
of a new, non-electromagnetic observational window.
We also review recent advances in the theory and computation of
magnetohydrodynamic turbulence as it applies to stellar magnetism and dynamo
theory. These advances offer insight into the action of stellar dynamos as well
as processes whichcontrol the diffusive magnetic flux transport in stars.Comment: 41 pages, 7 figures. Invited review chapter on on magnetic field
generation in stars to appear in Space Science Reviews, Springe
Tullock contests of weakly heterogeneous players
I explore asymmetric equilibria in a Tullock contest of heterogeneous players in the case when the players’ heterogeneity is weak, and the effort optimization problem can be analyzed in the linear approximation. With increasing discriminatory power of the contest, players sequentially drop out. The corresponding threshold values of the discriminatory power are related to those identified earlier for a Tullock contest of identical players. Weak heterogeneity, however, is sufficient to make the players’ behavior strongly asymmetric and qualitatively alter the structure of the equilibria as compared to the homogeneous case. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007Contests, Rent-seeking, Heterogeneous players,
Ex Post Problems in Buyer–Supplier Transactions: Effects of Transaction Characteristics, Social Embeddedness, and Contractual Governance
This paper focuses on ex post governance of inter-firm transactions. We develop and test hypotheses on the occurrence of ex post problems like delivery delays, inferior quality, and insufficient service in buyer–supplier transactions. Our hypotheses address effects of transaction characteristics, of social embeddedness, and of contractual governance on the occurrence of problems. Other than earlier research on embeddedness effects in this field, we consider not only effects of dyadic embeddedness but also effects of network embeddedness. We test hypotheses using rich survey data on more than 1200 purchases of information technology (IT) products: hardware and software, both standard and complex. We find evidence for effects of transaction characteristics on the occurrence of problems, while our data do not support hypotheses on effects of contractual governance. Our data provide rather consistent support for hypotheses on the effects of embeddedness. Specifically, we find evidence that network embeddedness reduces problems. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006buyer–supplier relations, embeddedness, ex post problems, inter-firm networks, governance, transaction cost theory,