Rp-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride and Montelukast Sodium in tablets

A simple, selective and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (Rp-HPLC) method has been proposed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LEV) and Montelukast sodium (MON) in pure form as well as in its pharmaceutical formulation. The chromatography was carried out on Waters C18 analytical column (15cm × 4.6 mm, 5µ) using a mobile phase of methanol: water (75:25 v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min with detection at 235 nm. The retention time of LEV and MON were found to 2.88 and 3.83 min respectively. The linearity for LEV and MON were in the range of 50-150 µg/mL and 100- 300 µg/mL respectively. The recoveries of LEV and MON were found to be 100.00% and 99.00%, respectively. The proposed method was validated and successfully applied to the estimation of LEV and MON in combined tablet dosage forms

Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact.

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a "Green List of Species" (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species' progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement against benchmarks of species' viability, functionality, and preimpact distribution) to determine current species recovery status (herein species recovery score) and application of that method to estimate past and potential future impacts of conservation based on 4 metrics (conservation legacy, conservation dependence, conservation gain, and recovery potential). We tested the framework with 181 species representing diverse taxa, life histories, biomes, and IUCN Red List categories (extinction risk). Based on the observed distribution of species' recovery scores, we propose the following species recovery categories: fully recovered, slightly depleted, moderately depleted, largely depleted, critically depleted, extinct in the wild, and indeterminate. Fifty-nine percent of tested species were considered largely or critically depleted. Although there was a negative relationship between extinction risk and species recovery score, variation was considerable. Some species in lower risk categories were assessed as farther from recovery than those at higher risk. This emphasizes that species recovery is conceptually different from extinction risk and reinforces the utility of the IUCN Green Status of Species to more fully understand species conservation status. Although extinction risk did not predict conservation legacy, conservation dependence, or conservation gain, it was positively correlated with recovery potential. Only 1.7% of tested species were categorized as zero across all 4 of these conservation impact metrics, indicating that conservation has, or will, play a role in improving or maintaining species status for the vast majority of these species. Based on our results, we devised an updated assessment framework that introduces the option of using a dynamic baseline to assess future impacts of conservation over the short term to avoid misleading results which were generated in a small number of cases, and redefines short term as 10 years to better align with conservation planning. These changes are reflected in the IUCN Green Status of Species Standard

Spectrophometric Determination of Nelfinavir Mesylate

Two new simple, sensitive, rapid and economical Spectrophotometric Methods (A and B) have been developed for the determination of Nelfinavir Mesylate in pharmaceutical bulk and tablet dosage form. The method A is based on the reaction of Nelfinavir with ferric chloride, potassium ferricyanide and hydrochloric acid to form a bluish green colored chromogen. The Method B is based on the formation of blood red colored chromogen with Ferric chloride and 1,10-phenanthroline. The absorbances of the chromogen were measured at their respective wavelength of maximum absorbance against the corresponding reagent blank. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of the bulk drug and its tablet dosage form. The methods have been statistically evaluated and were found to be precise and accurate

Spectrophometric Determination of Nelfinavir Mesylate

Two new simple, sensitive, rapid and economical Spectrophotometric Methods (A and B) have been developed for the determination of Nelfinavir Mesylate in pharmaceutical bulk and tablet dosage form. The method A is based on the reaction of Nelfinavir with ferric chloride, potassium ferricyanide and hydrochloric acid to form a bluish green colored chromogen. The Method B is based on the formation of blood red colored chromogen with Ferric chloride and 1,10-phenanthroline. The absorbances of the chromogen were measured at their respective wavelength of maximum absorbance against the corresponding reagent blank. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of the bulk drug and its tablet dosage form. The methods have been statistically evaluated and were found to be precise and accurate

Spectrophotometric Estimation of Abacavir Sulphate in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Two simple, accurate, rapid and sensitive methods (A and B) have been developed for the estimation of abacavir sulphate in its pharmaceutical dosage form. The method A and B are based on the formation of chloroform extractable complex of abacavir sulphate with bromophenol blue (method A) and bromocresol green (method B), which shows absorbance maxima at 460 nm and 469 nm respectively. The absorbance-concentration plot is linear over the range of 1-10 mcg/mL for method A and B respectively. Results of analysis for all the methods were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The proposed methods are economical and sensitive for the estimation of abacavir sulphate in bulk drug and in its tablet dosage form

Estimation of Levetiracetam in Tablet Dosage Form by RP-HPLC

A simple, precise, rapid and accurate reverse phase HPLC method developed for the estimation of levetiracetam in tablet dosage form. A Sun Fire C18, 250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm partical size, with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.03 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH adjusted to 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio of 15:85 v/v was used. The flow rate was 1 mL /min and the effluents were monitored at 210 nm. The retention time was 5.53 min. The detector response was linear in the concentration of 20-240 μg/mL. The respective linear regression equation being Y= 22119.684 x 6829.3428. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.16 and 0.5 μg/mL respectively. The percentage assay of levetiracetam was 99.87%. The method was validated by determining its accuracy, precision and system suitability. The results of the study showed that the proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate, which is useful for the routine determination of levetiracetam in bulk drug and in its pharmaceutical dosage form