PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES USING CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA BARK EXTRACTS

Objective: Casuarina equisetifolia is an important multipurpose exotic forest tree species widely cultivated in the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu that serves as a warehouse of essential secondary metabolites. Identification of these bioactive compounds in this forest tree species might lead to the discovery and development of a new drug to treat various diseases. Methods: The present study was carried out with an objective to analyse the phytochemicals qualitatively and quantitatively. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to evaluate the presence of various volatile compounds. An in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous and organic solvents of C. equisetifolia bark was studied.Results: The preliminary qualitative screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, and tannins. The quantitative analysis revealed the presence of maximum phenols (71.2±0.51 mg/g), flavonoids (35.12±0.34 mg/g), tannins (77.59±0.21) and terpenoids (6%) in methanolic root extract with respective standards. Several peaks were obtained in the GC-MS analysis which indicates the presence of different secondary metabolites. Antibacterial activity showed a maximum zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli (23±0.24 mm) and Proteus vulgaris (23±0.32 mm). The antioxidant potential of various extracts was compared with the standard ascorbic acid. Anti-inflammatory activity was compared with standard diclofenac sodium and the extract showed activities significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: From this study, it is revealed that C. equisetifolia bark extract possesses efficient antibacterial property, the potential in scavenging free radical, effective antioxidant, powerful anti-inflammatory source that can be employed in the development of a novel drug to treat various diseases

War of hormones over resource allocation to seeds: strategies and counter-strategies of offspring and maternal parent

It is suggested that maternal parent and offspring have conflicting interests over the extent of resource allocation to developing seeds. While maternal parent would be selected to allocate her resources optimally among her offspring, the latter would be selected to demand more. In animals, offspring are known to demand additional resources either visibly (through intense vocal calls) or subtly through the production of hormones. In plants though parent offspring conflict over resource allocation has been invoked, the mechanism through which the parent and offspring interact in regulating resource allocation into developing seeds is not yet clear. In this paper, we propose that the strategies and counter-strategies of the offspring and mother during the development of seeds might be manifested through the production of appropriate growth hormones. Accordingly, we predict (i) hormones that mobilize resources into seeds (e.g. auxins and gibberellic acid) shall be synthesized exclusively by the offspring tissue and (ii) hormones that inhibit resource flow in to seeds (e.g. abscisic acid) be produced exclusively by the maternal tissue. We show that these predictions are supported by existing literature on the temporal dynamics and source of production of growth hormones during seed development. Finally, we suggest that such analysis viewing the production of different hormones during early seed development, as strategies and counter-strategies of mother and offspring tissue, helps ofer a meaningful interpretation of the otherwise complex dynamics of hormone fluxes

स्वच्छ भारत भविष्य के लिए परिदृश्य

स्वच्छ भारत भविष्य के लिए परिदृश्य अिखल भारतीय राजभाषा वैज्ञानिक संगोष्ठ

भा कृ अनु प - केंद्रीय समुद्री मात्स्यिकी अनुसंधान संस्थान, कोच्ची में वर्ष 2017 के दौरान आयोजित राजभाषा हिंदी के कार्यक्रम

भा कृ अनु प - केंद्रीय समुद्री मात्स्यिकी अनुसंधान संस्थान, कोच्ची में वर्ष 2017 के दौरान आयोजित राजभाषा हिंदी के कार्यक्र

जलीय पारितंत्र का टिकाऊपन (An appraisal of Sustainability of Aquatic Ecosystems)

सी एम एफ आर आइ विशेष प्रकाशन/CMFRI Special publicatio

Anodic Polarization of Copper Single Crystal Planes in Sulphuric Acid

674-67

Anthelminthic activity of Asta Churna

Purpose: To determine the effect of Asta churna (an ayurvedic preparation of Impcops) on Indian earthworms. Methods: Asta churna (2.5 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL) were investigated for activity in Indian earthworms (Pheretima postuma) against piperazine citrate (15 mg/mL) and albendazole (20 mg/mL) as standard references and normal saline as control. The time to achieve paralysis of the worms was determined. Results: The two concentrations of Asta churna exhibited significant anthelminthic activity (p < 0.001) when compared with the piperazine citrate, albendazole and normal saline. Conclusion: Asta chuma has paralytic effect on Indian earthworms. Keywords: Asta churna, Pheretima postuma, Anthelminthic activit

Malignant melanoma of breast: a case report

Malignant melanoma rarely affects the breast. Malignant melanoma of breast is divided into two categories: primary and metastatic lesions. Primary melanoma involves the skin and less commonly the glandular parenchyma of the breast. Differentiating them is very important in deciding on treatment strategies. This case report aims to increase awareness of unusual neoplasms of the breast which requires a different surgical and adjuvant therapeutic approach

Surgical glue- a promising technology for wound healing

Wound closure is one of the important steps of surgical dressing and suturing is the most commonly used method of wound closure. The process of suturing takes very long time for surgery and increases the patient’s risk of anesthesia awareness. Skin glues are a safe and effective method to close selected wounds. They are also cost-effective and help prevent infection. Ideally, wounds should be less than 4 cm, not contaminated or infected and have skin edges that are not under tension. Wounds should be closed within 12 hours. Novel methods of wound closure have been introduced to address these issues, most notably cyanoacrylate tissue glues. The evidence would suggest that the use of cyanoacrylate tissue glue is associated with a reduction in closure time and costs. On a daily basis, dermasurgeons are facing different kinds of wounds that have to be closed. With a plethora of skin closure materials currently available, choosing a solution that combines excellent and rapid cosmetic results with practicality and cost-effectiveness is preferred