Let Bengal be Heard: Dealing with Covid and Cyclone Amphan together

Reeling under the double burden of a biological and a natural disaster, West Bengal needs civil society mobilization in terms of both local and global synergy to rebuild the state and its economy. By acknowledging the lack of constitutional clarity regarding ‘disaster’ and hence the inherently conflicting centre-state relationship over disaster management, this paper argues that exclusive dependency on the government will yield no result at this hour. What is needed is a partnership between government and private initiatives and the civil society, especially the Bengal diaspora

A simple synthesis of 1,3-di-aryl-quinolone derivatives by palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reaction

698-705An efficient and novel method for the preparation of N-aryl-quinolone via enaminone synthesis has been described. Subsequent derivatization at 3 position has been accomplished by the palladium catalyzed Suzuki cross coupling reaction. Using this method, various aryl boronic acids as well as hetero aryl boronic acids have been coupled with 3-bromo-quinolone to generate the novel 1,3-di-aryl-quinolone derivatives. The key step quinolone ring formation has been achieved by intramolecular displacement reaction of enaminone 2 with suitably substituted ortho-fluoro group in the aromatic ring

Microbial electrochemical technologies with the perspective of harnessing bioenergy: Maneuvering towards upscaling

Microbial electrochemical technologies have gained much attention in the recent years during which basic research has been carried out to provide proof of concept by utilizing microorganisms for generating bioenergy in an electro redox active environment. However, these bio-electrocatalyzed systems pose significant challenges towards up-scaling and practical applications. Various parameters viz., electrodes, materials, configuration, biocatalyst, reaction kinetics, fabrication and operational costs, resistance for electron transfer etc. will critically govern the performance of microbial catalyzed electrochemical systems. Majorly, the surface area of electrode materials, biofilm coverage on the electrode surface, enrichment of electrochemically active electrode respiring bacteria and reduction reactions at cathode will aid in increasing the reaction kinetics towards the upscaling of microbial electrochemical technologies. Enrichment of electroactive microbial community on anode electrode can be promoted with electrode pretreatment, controlled anode potential or electrical current, external resistance, optimal operation temperature, chemical additions and bioaugmentation . Inhibition of the growth of methanogens also increases the columbic efficiency, an essential parameter that determines the efficacy of bioelectricity generation. Considering the practical implementation of these microbial electrochemical technologies, the current review addresses the challenges and strategies to improve the performance of bio-electrocatalyzed systems with respect to the operational, physico-chemical and biological factors towards scale up. Besides, the feasibility for long term operation, the scope for future research along with the operational and maintenance costs are discussed to provide a broad spectrum on the role of the system components for the implementation of these bio-electrochemical technologies for practical utility