Effective photon mass in nuclear matter and finite nuclei

Electromagnetic field in nuclear matter and nuclei are studied. In the nuclear matter, because the expectation value of the electric charge density operator is not zero, different in vacuum, the U(1) local gauge symmetry of electric charge is spontaneously broken, and consequently, the photon gains an effective mass through the Higgs mechanism. An alternative way to study the effective mass of photon is to calculate the self-energy of photon perturbatively. It shows that the effective mass of photon is about $5.42MeV$ in the symmetric nuclear matter at the saturation density $\rho_0 = 0.16fm^{-3}$ and about $2.0MeV$ at the surface of ${}^{238}U$. It seems that the two-body decay of a massive photon causes the sharp lines of electron-positron pairs in the low energy heavy ion collision experiments of ${}^{238}U+{}^{232}Th$ .Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, REVTEX4, submitted to Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Space power distribution system technology. Volume 2: Autonomous power management

Electrical power subsystem requirements, power management system functional requirements, algorithms, power management subsystem, hardware development, and trade studies and analyses are discussed

Space power distribution system technology. Volume 1: Reference EPS design

The multihundred kilowatt electrical power aspects of a mannable space platform in low Earth orbit is analyzed from a cost and technology viewpoint. At the projected orbital altitudes, Shuttle launch and servicing are technically and economically viable. Power generation is specified as photovoltaic consistent with projected planning. The cost models and trades are based upon a zero interest rate (the government taxes concurrently as required), constant dollars (1980), and costs derived in the first half of 1980. Space platform utilization of up to 30 years is evaluated to fully understand the impact of resupply and replacement as satellite missions are extended. Such lifetimes are potentially realizable with Shuttle servicing capability and are economically desirable

Quality of banking services as a tool for building "Bank - Real sector" effective business models

© Liliana Ikhsanova, Ksenia Lurie, Daniya Bikchantaeva, 2014. The article describes the quality of banking services of Russian credit organizations. In this study the quality means the possibility of banks to meet the needs of the real economy. Quality is an instrument of effective interaction, which refers to the possibility of long-term financing of the real economy while maintaining the profitability of the banking sector. In the study the analysis of credit institutions was done and the basic business model of interaction between banking and real sectors in Russia was described. As the result of the analysis, the level of service quality was revealed

University as a City and University as a State: Methodological Tools of William Clark

William Clark’s methodological tools applied to the study of the history and philosophy of higher education are presented in a series of articles 1996-2003 and especially in his book “Academic Charisma and the Origins of the Research University” (2006). The last was a result of Clark’s long and accurate work in many areas of research, most of which have yet formed as academic fields. The author sets an ambitious task to examine evolution of academic practice (mainly German) as a process of bureaucratization and capitalization of education through the prism of academic charisma. Considering it as one of the types of legitimate dominance in the scientific world, W. Clark describes a scholar not in three spatial coordinates (of which he talks in the introduction), but in four: religion, politics, economics, and state/city. The last allows Clark to mark universities that accept or reject certain methods of transferring academic charisma on the educational landscape of the city. Another issue that is a key to the search of the basics of research university, is the question of the gradual suppression of oral culture by writing. In other words, how “say and be” (the phrase invented by the authors of this review) turned into “print or disappear” (aphorism cited many times by the author of the book). This question includes a number of others, which we point out analyzing the academic space, which, in the author’s mind, is broken up, collected and rebroken up into fragments of tables, catalogues, lists, statutes, tables, graphs, reports, questionnaires, dossiers, etc. Despite the fact that the translation of William Clark’s book into Russian was carried out in 2017, the methodology proposed is undeservedly little known to the researchers of higher education and, in general, has not received fundamental review in the scientific tradition. Its main provisions will be outlined in the framework of this article

Neighborhood Effects on Health: Concentrated Advantage and Disadvantage

We investigate an alternative conceptualization of neighborhood context and its association with health. Using an index that measures a continuum of concentrated advantage and disadvantage, we examine whether the relationship between neighborhood conditions and health varies by socio-economic status. Using NHANES III data geo-coded to census tracts, we find that while largely uneducated neighborhoods are universally deleterious, individuals with more education benefit from living in highly educated neighborhoods to a greater degree than individuals with lower levels of education

Locating Community among People with Schizophrenia living in a Diverse Urban Environment

Increasing the community participation of people with severe mental illness is a primary goal of recovery-oriented services. Despite this emphasis, the construct of community remains understudied and poorly articulated. This study provides an in-depth examination of the experiences, beliefs, behaviors, and spaces that constitute community participation for a highly diverse group of people with schizophrenia who are urban dwellers. An in-depth, longitudinal qualitative design was employed with 30 individuals with schizophrenia residing in inner-city neighborhoods in Canada’s largest city. For these individuals, community participation is a dynamic process, shaped by illness and non-illness-associated social relationships and spaces, self-concept, and the resources accessible to the person. The complexity of factors that are associated with “community” for people with schizophrenia, with overlays of culture, poverty, victimization, and discrimination, calls for a critical examination of the community rhetoric employed in practice and policy contexts

Sample designs for measuring the health of small racial/ethnic subgroups

Most national health surveys do not permit precise measurement of the health of racial/ethnic subgroups that comprise <1 per cent of the U.S. population. We identify three potentially promising sample design strategies for increasing the accuracy of national health estimates for a small target subgroup when used to supplement a small probability sample of that group and apply these strategies to American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) and Chinese using National Health Interview Survey data. These sample design strategies include (1) complete sampling of targets within households, (2) oversampling selected macrogeographic units, and (3) oversampling from an incomplete list frame. Stage (1) is promising for Chinese and AI/AN; (2) works for both groups, but it would be more cost-effective for AI/AN because of their greater residential concentration; (3) is somewhat effective for groups like Chinese with viable surname lists, but not for AI/AN. Both (2) and (3) efficiently improve measurement precision when the supplement is the same size as the existing core sample, with diminishing additional returns as the supplement grows relative to the core sample, especially for (3). To avoid large design effects, the oversampled geographic areas or lists must have good coverage of the target population. To reduce costs, oversampled geographic tracts and lists must consist primarily of targets. These techniques can be used simultaneously to substantially increase effective sample sizes (ESSs). For example, (1) and (2) in combination can be used to multiply the nominal sample size of AI/AN or Chinese by 8 and the ESS by 4. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60911/1/3244_ftp.pd