PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SHODHITA SHILAJATU

In the Pharmaceutical process of different forms of medicines raw material & its quality plays an important role. During ancient time Vaidyas were themselves used to collect the raw materials herbs based on their occurrence and organoleptic characters, i.e., typical taste, texture, smell, color, and there types after selection they utilized them in preparing medicines. Based on their own observations, principles of drug processing and ideal quality of finished product, etc., have been documented by them. The principles were developed based upon the scientific parameters prevailing in those days. Materials and Method: Raw Shilajatu was subjected to Shodhana and Shodhita shilajatu was subjected to analytical study. The required materials for the process were collected from the Pharmacy of BLDEA's AVS Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya pharmacy Vijayapur, analytical lab. Raw drugs were purchased from Dorle and Sons retailer from Kolhapur Maharashtra. Shilajatu shodhana was carried out according to reference mentioned in Rasaratna samuchaya. Analytical tests concern Indian Pharmacopeia methods were followed. Result: Raw Shilajatu took 5 ½ hour to 6hour in Shodhan procedure in both batches. Three days for drying. In analytical tests physical constants like pH ash value, solubility, specific gravity, moisture content etc result values were under normal limit

A uracil nitroso amine based colorimetric sensor for the detection of Cu²⁺ ions from aqueous environment and its practical applications

A simple uracil nitroso amine based colorimetric chemosensor (UNA-1) has been synthesized and screened for its cation recognition ability. Sensor UNA-1 exhibited a high sensitivity and selectivity towards Cu²⁺ ions in aqueous medium in the presence of a wide range of other competing cations (Ag⁺, Al³⁺, Ba²⁺+, Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr³⁺, Cs⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Li⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Na⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Sr²⁺). With Cu²⁺, the sensor UNA-1 gave a distinct color change from colorless to dark yellow by forming a complex of 1:1 stoichiometry. Furthermore, sensor UNA-1 was successfully utilized in the preparation of test strips and supported silica for the detection of Cu²⁺ ions from aqueous environment

Sugar, acid, and nitrogen in the developing berries of some grape varieties

Periodical data regarding changes in total nitrogen, total acid and total sugar of the developing berries revealed that the total nitrogen in dry weight basis increased very rapidly between 10-20 days after anthesis and decreased subsequently until maturity of berries. The maximum N content 20 days after anthesis is thought to coincide with the period of maximum requirement of N at this stage for building up of the various tissue. The total acidity in developing berries showed the familiar pattern of gradual rise to 40 days after anthesis, followed by a gradual decline until maturity of berries. The maximum coincides with low night temperatures, indicating greater synthesis of acids at low temperatures. The gradual reduction of acidity until maturity corresponcled with the rise in day temperature suggesting the respiration of acids at high temperatures.The sugar accumulation in developing grape berries started 50 days after anthesis. The rate of accumulation was very high from 60-80 days after anthesis. This period coincides with the beginning of the third stage of berry growth.Zucker, Säure und Stickstoff in den wachsenden Beeren einiger RebsortenDer Gehalt an Gesamtstickstoff, Gesamtsäure und Gesamtzucker in wachsenden Beeren wurde in regelmäßigen Abständen ermittelt. Dabei zeigte sich, daß der Gesamtstickstoff, auf das Trockengewicht bezogen, in der Zeitspanne zwischen 10 und 20 Tage nach der Anthese sehr schnell zunahm und danach bis zur vollen Beerenreife wieder absank. Es wird vermutet, daß der Höchstgehalt 20 Tage nach der Anthese mit der Phase eines maximalen Stickstoffbedarfes für den Aufbau der verschiedenen Gewebe zusammenfälllt.Die Gesamtsäure in den wachsenden Beeren zeigte das bekannte Bild eines allmählichen Anstiegs während einer Dauer von 40 Tagen nach der Anthese sowie einer darauffolgenden allmählichen Abnahme bis zur vollen Reife der Beeren. Das Maximum fällt mit niedrigen Nachttemperaturen zusammen und zeigt eine stärkere Säuresynthese bei niedrigen Temperaturen an. Der allmähliche Säureabbau entspricht dem Anstieg der Tagestemperaturen und läßt eine Veratmung der Säuren bei hohen Temperaturen vermuten.Die Zuckerakkumulation in wachsenden Beeren begann 50 Tage nach der Anthese. Die Akkumulationsrate war in der Zeitspanne zwischen 60 und 80 Tage nach der Anthese sehr hoch. Diese Periode fällt mit dem Beginn der dritten Phase des Beerenwachstums zusammen

Optimization of microwave assisted mechanical extraction of oil from canola seeds by using Response Surface Methodology

Present investigation was undertaken with the overall objective of optimizing the microwave assisted pressing parameters, i.e. microwave time, moisture content, heating temperature and heating time for increasing the oil recovery from canola seeds of GSC-6 variety.  Response surface methodology was adopted in the experimental design and Box Bhenken design of four variables was chosen.  The range of parameters for the experiments was microwave time (2-4 min), moisture content (5%-15%), heating temperature (60-1000℃) and heating time (4-6 min) and single chamber oil expeller was used for oil expelling.  The effect of independent variables, i.e. moisture content, microwave duration and heating temperature on oil yield and residual oil in cake were found significant, however, the effect of the heating time was found non-significant.  Microwave time, moisture content and heating temperature affected the acid value and the peroxide value of the oil.  Heating temperature affected the viscosity of the oil.

Experimental investigation of the response of a harmonically excited hard Duffing oscillator

A single degree-of-freedom torsional vibratory system, which constitutes a third-order dissipative dynamical system, has been fabricated as a mechanical analogue of hard Duffing equation with strong nonlinearity. The forced response of the system reveals complicated and chaotic motion at low frequency regime. Besides usual jump phenomenon, unpredictable jump phenomenon with two and three coexisting periodic attractors is also observed

Study of current prescribing pattern of antimicrobial drugs in indoor cases of enteric fever in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Rational antibiotic prescription is very important to prevent antimicrobial resistance. Hence the present study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antimicrobial drugs in indoor enteric fever patients of medicine and paediatric department of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A retrospective study of 2 months duration was undertaken during July and August of 2015. A total number of 97 enteric fever patients’ case sheets were utilized for our study from medicine and paediatric in-patients department of a tertiary care hospital. The data was analysed and results were expressed as percentage.Results: Out of 97 enteric fever patients, 54.64% were females. 13.4% of paediatric population were suffered because of enteric fever. The incidence of enteric fever was 74.23% in 13-40 years. Most commonly prescribed antimicrobials were 3rd generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. 43.30% patients received more than one antibiotic. Antimalarials chloroquine, artemisinin derivatives and metronidazole were other drugs prescribed to enteric fever patients concurrently for associated clinical conditions.Conclusions: Interventional programme should focus on the use of rational antibiotic prescription aimed at minimizing unnecessary cost, adverse drug reactions and emergence of bacterial resistance