John Bowlby på besök i 1950-talets Sverige: En udda fågel i svensk barnpsykiatri

The mismatch between John Bowlby and post-war Swedish child psychiatry: Account of a research visitIn the first half of 1950, the British psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby visited France, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the USA to gain information about the state of the art in the care of homeless children. The World Health Organization published Bowlby’s conclusions asMaternal Care and Mental Health (1952). The article aims to present an account and discussion of Bowlby’s weeklong visit to Sweden, based on previously unpublished notebooks and letters. The analysis shows a clear mismatch between Bowlby’s ideas and those of his Swedish hosts working in child psychiatry and social care. At first sight, Bowlby seemed to align with the Swedish psychoanalytically oriented child psychiatrists, while rejecting those Swedish experts who represented a biological approach with ideas about heredity, but it was more complicated than that. Bowlby also appreciated the methodological rigor and statistical methods of the latter current. What he did not appreciate, however, was that both Swedish currents, despite their mutual disagreements, shared a similar view of the importance of the environment for child development that was much broader than his own. For Bowlby’s hosts, environmental factors such as housing, schooling, parental care, number of siblings, social contacts, etc. were all important for the understanding of poor mental health and social maladjustment in childhood. As also becomes clear from the title of his book, Bowlby rejected such a broad approach and focused exclusively on mother-child bonding as determining children’s mental development and health. This mismatch between Bowlby and the Swedish experts explains why Bowlby paid only scarce attention to Swedish views in his WHO report, why this report and his later ideas about the importance of mother-child attachment initially met with little enthusiasm, and why he remained a "queer fish" in Sweden.Development Psychopathology in context: famil

A tale of four countries: How Bowlby used his trip through Europe to write the WHO report and spread his ideas

Attachment theory, developed by child psychiatrist John Bowlby, is considered a major theory in developmental psychology. Attachment theory can be seen as resulting from Bowlby's personal experiences, his psychoanalytic education, his subsequent study of ethology, and societal developments during the 1930s and 1940s. One of those developments was the outbreak of World War II and its effects on children's psychological wellbeing. In 1950, Bowlby was appointed WHO consultant to study the needs of children who were orphaned or separated from their families for other reasons and needed care in foster homes or institutions. The resulting report is generally considered a landmark publication in psychology, although it subsequently met with methodological criticism. In this paper, by reconstructing Bowlby's visit to several European countries, on the basis of notebook

A tale of four countries: How Bowlby used his trip through Europe to write the WHO report and spread his ideas

Attachment theory, developed by child psychiatrist John Bowlby, is considered a major theory in developmental psychology. Attachment theory can be seen as resulting from Bowlby's personal experiences, his psychoanalytic education, his subsequent study of ethology, and societal developments during the 1930s and 1940s. One of those developments was the outbreak of World War II and its effects on children's psychological wellbeing. In 1950, Bowlby was appointed WHO consultant to study the needs of children who were orphaned or separated from their families for other reasons and needed care in foster homes or institutions. The resulting report is generally considered a landmark publication in psychology, although it subsequently met with methodological criticism. In this paper, by reconstructing Bowlby's visit to several European countries, on the basis of notebooks and letters, the authors shed light on the background of this report and the way Bowlby used or neglected the findings he gathered

Gränsöverskridande socialmedicin:vård av finska sjuka barn i Sverige 1942–1949

Den här artikeln handlar en omfattande satsning på att transportera ca 5000 sjuka finska barn till Sverige för vård och behandling under och efter andra världskriget. Sjuktransporterna pågick ända till slutet av 1940-talet. Det var ett projekt som försiggick parallellt med förflyttningar av ca 70 000 finska barn för tillfälliga placeringar i Sverige under kriget. Sjuktransporterna skiljde sig organisatoriskt i den meningen att statliga aktörer från både Finland och Sverige var involverade. Den svenska staten bidrog med ett substantiellt finansiellt stöd. Vidare spelade finska och svenska barnläkare på framträdande positioner och med inriktning mot socialmedicinskt reformarbete en viktig roll i igångsättning av projektet. Resultatet blev en gränsöver skridande socialmedicinsk satsning som pågick också flera år efter krigsslutet.The following article concerns a large-scale scheme during WWII set up to transport approximately 5000 sick Finnish children to Sweden for medical care and treatment. The transports took place in parallel with the evacuation and relocation of 70 000 Finnish war children placed mainly in Swedish families but also in institutions. However, the transports of sick children lasted until the late 1940s. They differed from the evacuation and relocation of Finnish war children in the sense that state actors from both Finland and Sweden were involved. The Swedish government put in a substantial financial support for both transports and treatment as well as for the care facilities. Moreover, prominent pediatricians in both countries played an important role in both the initiation and the implementation of the large-schale scheme drawing on social medicine reform work for child and maternal health care