Asymptomatic postmenopausal endometrial tuberculosis:a rare case report

Tuberculosis remains a global health problem, primarily in developing countries. Genital tuberculosis is common in young women mostly detected during infertility work up. Mycobacterial infection in postmenopausal women is an extremely rare disease. After menopause, tuberculosis of the endometrium is a rare possibility probably because of thedecreased vascularity of the tissues. We present here a case of asymptomatic postmenopausal woman who was suspected as endometrial carcinoma initially by abnormal endometrial pattern in ultrasound done as a part of regular health check-up. In endometrial biopsy we found pus draining. Diagnosed as endometrial tuberculosis by pathologic examination and polymerase chain reaction. She was put on anti-tuberculosis treatment. After completion of treatment, she was doing well. Thus, we conclude saying endometrial tuberculosis should also be suspected in postmenopausal women with abnormal endometrial pattern

On some Summation Formulae for the I-Function of Two Variables

In this research paper, we aim to establish three interesting summation formulae for the I-function of two variables recently introduced in the literature. The results are derived with the help of classical summation theorems due to Watson, Dixon and Whipple. A few known results are also obtained as special cases of our main findings. Since the I-function of two variables is the most generalized function of two variables and it includes as special cases many of the known functions appearing in the literature, the results derived in this paper will therefore serve as the key formulas from which a large number of summation formulas including elementary functions can be obtained by specializing the parameters therein

On a double integral involving the I-function of two variables

In this paper we establish an interesting double integral involving the I-function of two variables recently introduced in the literature. Since I-function of two variables is a very generalized function of two variables and it includes as special cases many of the known functions appearing in the literature, a number of integrals can be obtained by reducing the I-function of two variables to simpler special functions by suitably specializing the parameters. A few special cases of our result are also discussed

Market-Based Electric Power Generation Planning with Emission Control

Recently, there has been an increasing emphasis on environmental concerns in the electric power industry, especially air pollution. Under this circumstance, we formulate a generation planning model that considers not only the conventional production costs, but also the costs related to air pollution. In particular, we will focus on sulfur dioxide emission which is heavily regulated by Environmental Protection Agency via emission permits. For this particular type of pollutant, we present a generation planning model consisting of an annual strategic model and a weekly tactical model. An illustrative numerical example is provided

Homework vs housework : how some children cope

The theme - Every Child Can Learn - was decided in December 2019 and participating in that discussion, the child who came into my mind was one who I watch every morning. It occurred to me that I had something to contribute to this issue

A genetic basis for a postmeiotic X versus Y chromosome intragenomic conflict in the mouse.

Intragenomic conflicts arise when a genetic element favours its own transmission to the detriment of others. Conflicts over sex chromosome transmission are expected to have influenced genome structure, gene regulation, and speciation. In the mouse, the existence of an intragenomic conflict between X- and Y-linked multicopy genes has long been suggested but never demonstrated. The Y-encoded multicopy gene Sly has been shown to have a predominant role in the epigenetic repression of post meiotic sex chromatin (PMSC) and, as such, represses X and Y genes, among which are its X-linked homologs Slx and Slxl1. Here, we produced mice that are deficient for both Sly and Slx/Slxl1 and observed that Slx/Slxl1 has an opposite role to that of Sly, in that it stimulates XY gene expression in spermatids. Slx/Slxl1 deficiency rescues the sperm differentiation defects and near sterility caused by Sly deficiency and vice versa. Slx/Slxl1 deficiency also causes a sex ratio distortion towards the production of male offspring that is corrected by Sly deficiency. All in all, our data show that Slx/Slxl1 and Sly have antagonistic effects during sperm differentiation and are involved in a postmeiotic intragenomic conflict that causes segregation distortion and male sterility. This is undoubtedly what drove the massive gene amplification on the mouse X and Y chromosomes. It may also be at the basis of cases of F1 male hybrid sterility where the balance between Slx/Slxl1 and Sly copy number, and therefore expression, is disrupted. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first demonstration of a competition occurring between X and Y related genes in mammals. It also provides a biological basis for the concept that intragenomic conflict is an important evolutionary force which impacts on gene expression, genome structure, and speciation