Evidence for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma

The recent paper of Carpenter et al (2006b) in your journal identified hnRNP K as being overexpressed in colorectal cancer by proteomics, which has been confirmed by immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray analysis. Their study also showed that hnRNP K had an aberrant subcellular localisation in cancer cells. Although there were previous reports by Moumen et al (2005), suggesting that, in response to DNA damage, p53 inhibits hnRNP K ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation, the study by Carpenter et al (2006a) could not, however, find any correlation between the expression of hnRNP K and p53 in colorectal cancer cells. We note the above observations with interest, as hnRNP K has a role in tumorigenesis and its expression has been found to be upregulated in several other cancers, including those of lungs and liver (Carpenter et al, 2006a)

Otkrivanje i karakterizacija rotavirusa genogrupe 5 povezanog s proljevom prasadi u sjeveroistočnoj Indiji

Rotaviruses have been recognized as an important etiological agent of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis in young children and animals of several species worldwide, including diarrhoea in weaning and post-weaning piglets. In this study, we report the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses detected from piglets in different regions of the north-eastern hilly region of India. A total of 457 faecal samples (339 diarrhoeal and 118 non-diarrhoeal) were collected from piglets from local (n = 130) and cross breed (n = 327) piglets between July 2013 to June 2015 in different seasons of the year. All the samples were subjected to RNA-PAGE and RTPCR analysis. Rotaviruses were detected in 4.81% animals by RNA-PAGE and 7.43% animals by RT-PCR, with the highest prevalence (9.67%) from Meghalaya state. All the isolates were recorded as GARV and genogroup 5. The prevalence was higher in unorganized farms (10.77%) compared to organized farms (4.0%) with higher detection from diarrhoeic (9.14%) compared to non-diarrhoeic animals (2.54%). A higher prevalence was also recorded during the summer (12.5%) and winter (9.09%) seasons. On the basis of the sequence analysis, all the isolates were placed in a unique single cluster, different from other Indian isolates from humans and animals, which were in close proximity with human isolates. This is the first report of the detection of G5 Rotavirus associated with piglet diarrhoea in India.Rotavirusi su prepoznati kao važan etiološki čimbenik nebakterijskog akutnog gastroenteritisa kod male djece i različitih vrsta životinja. Kod prasadi to uključuje i proljev koji se pojavljuje pri odbiću i nakon odbića. U ovom je radu prikazana prevalencija i molekularna epidemiologija rotavirusa otkrivenih kod prasadi iz različitih dijelova sjeveroistočnog, brdovitog područja Indije. U razdoblju od srpnja 2013. do lipnja 2015. godine, tijekom različitih sezona, prikupljeno je ukupno 457 uzoraka fecesa (339 proljevastih i 118 neproljevastih). Uzorci su potjecali od prasadi lokalnih (n = 130) i križnih pasmina (n = 327). Svi su uzorci podvrgnuti RNA-PAGE i RT-PCR analizama. Rotavirusi su otkriveni u 4,81 % životinja pomoću RNA-PAGE i 7,43 % životinja pomoću RT-PCR analize. Najveća prevalencija (9,67 %) utvrđena je u državi Meghalaya. Svi su izolati registrirani kao GARV i genogrupa 5. Prevalencija je bila viša u slabo organiziranim farmama (10,77 %) u usporedbi s dobro organiziranim farmama (4,0 %), s većom učestalošću otkrivanja kod životinja koje su imale proljev (9,14 %) u odnosu na životinje bez proljeva (2,54 %). Također, veća je prevalencija utvrđena tijekom ljetnih (12,5 %) i zimskih (9,09 %) sezona. Na temelju analize sekvencija svi su izolati smješteni u jedinstveni pojedinačni skup (klaster). Taj je skup različit od drugih indijskih izolata ljudi i životinja u kojima je bio u neposrednoj blizini izolata ljudi. Ovo je prvo izvješće o otkrivanju rotavirusa G5 povezanih s proljevom prasadi u Indiji

Production of urokinase by HT 1080 human kidney cell line

Studies were carried out in T-flasks and bioreactor to produce urokinase enzyme using HT 1080 human kidney cell line. While growing the cell line it has been observed that the lag phase is reduced considerably in the bioreactor as compared to T-flask culture. The HT 1080 cell adhesion rate and urokinase production were observed to be the function of serum concentration in the medium. The maximum urokinase activity of 3.1 x 10-4 unit ml-1 was achieved in the bioreactor at around 65 h of batch culture. Since HT 1080 is an anchorage dependent cell line, therefore, the hydrodynamic effects on the cell line were investigated

Alterations in candidate genes PHF2, FANCC, PTCH1 and XPA at chromosomal 9q22.3 region: Pathological significance in early- and late-onset breast carcinoma

Introduction: Younger women with breast carcinoma (BC) exhibits more aggressive pathologic features compared to older women; young age could be an independent predictor of adverse prognosis. To find any existing differences in the molecular pathogenesis of BC in both younger and older women, alterations at chromosomal (chr.) 9q22.32-22.33 region were studied owing to its association in wide variety of tumors. Present work focuses on comparative analysis of alterations of four candidate genes; PHF2, FANCC, PTCH1 and XPA located within 4.4 Mb region of the afore-said locus in two age groups of BC, as well as the interrelation and prognostic significance of alterations of these genes. Methods: Deletion analysis of PHF2, FANCC, PTCH1 and XPA were examined in a subset of 47 early-onset (group-A: ≤ 40 years) and 59 late-onset (group-B: > 40 years) breast carcinomas using both microsatellite and exonic markers. Methylation Sensitive Restriction analysis (MSRA) was done to check for promoter methylation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and immunohistochemisty (IHC) was done in some genes to see their relative mRNA and protein expressions respectively. Clinico-pathological correlation of different parameters as well as patient survival was calculated using different statistical softwares like EpiInfo 6.04b, SPSS 10.0 etc. Results: Either age group exhibited high frequency of overall alterations in PHF2, FANCC and PTCH1 compared to XPA. Samples with alteration (deletion/methylation) in these genes showed reduced level of mRNA expression as seen by Q-PCR. Immunohistochemical analysis of FANCC and PTCH1 also supported this observation. Poor patient survival was noted in both age groups having alterations in FANCC. Similar result was also seen with PTCH1 and XPA alterations in group-A and PHF2 alterations in group-B. This reflected their roles as prognostic tools in the respective groups in which they were altered. Conclusion: Overall alterations of PHF2, FANCC and PTCH1 were comparatively higher than XPA. Differential association of alterations in FANCC and PTCH1 with that of PHF2, XPA and two breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1/BRCA2) in the two age groups suggests differences in their molecular pathogenesis and dysregulation of multiple DNA repair pathways as well as hedgehog dependent stem cell renewal pathway

Pseudo-Hermiticity and some consequences of a generalized quantum condition

We exploit the hidden symmetry structure of a recently proposed non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and of its Hermitian equivalent one. This sheds new light on the pseudo-Hermitian character of the former and allows access to a generalized quantum condition. Special cases lead to hyperbolic and Morse-like potentials in the framework of a coordinate-dependent mass model.Comment: 10 pages, no figur

L (+) lactic acid fermentation and its product polymerization

Lactic acid has been first introduced to us as early as 1780 as a sour component of milk. Ever since we have found its applications in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries etc. Now there are emerging uses as a potential feedstock for the biodegradable polymer industry. The microorganisms being used for lactic acid fermentation, the raw materials reported, the various novel fermentation processes and its processing methods have been reviewed. The properties and applications of lactic acid, its derivatives and polymer have been discussed. The various routes to polymerization and the companies presently involved in lactic acid production have been covere

L (+) lactic acid fermentation and its product polymerization

Lactic acid has been first introduced to us as early as 1780 as a sour component of milk. Ever since we have found its applications in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries etc. Now there are emerging uses as a potential feedstock for the biodegradable polymer industry. The microorganisms being used for lactic acid fermentation, the raw materials reported, the various novel fermentation processes and its processing methods have been reviewed. The properties and applications of lactic acid, its derivatives and polymer have been discussed. The various routes to polymerization and the companies presently involved in lactic acid production have been covered