Ultrasound promoted regioselective synthesis of beta-iodoethers from olefin-I2-alcohol.

Regioselective synthesis of beta-iodoethers in high yields by sonicating alkene and alcohol in the presence of iodine in a bath at 35 kHz is reporte

Regiospecific Reduction of Oxetanes with Lithium under Aprotic Conditions

Substituted oxetanes have been found to give exclusively terminal alcohols by regiospecific ring-opening with lithium and biphenyl (cat.) in THF at reflu

Rapid method of converting primary amides to nitriles and nitriles to primary amides by ZnC12 using microwaves under different reaction conditions

A rapid and facile method for the conversion of primary amides to nitriles using inexpensive and readily available ZnCl2 in aqueous acetonitrile and their regeneration using ZnCl2-H2O-THF in the presence of acetamide under microwave irradiation in good yields is reported. The reactions go to completion within a minute

ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Dehalogenation of α‐Haloketones with Zinc in Presence of Ammonium Salts under Sonic Conditions.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option

EFFECT OF LACOSAMIDE ON BEHAVIOUR OF CHILDREN WITH REFRACTORY PARTIAL EPILEPSY

Objective: A unicentre, prospective study was carried out to investigate the behavioral effects of lacosamide as adjunctive therapy with refractory partial epileptic children in tertiary care hospital with prior approval from the Institutional Human Ethical Committee. Methods: Seventy nine patients (age 5- 15 years) with refractory partial epilepsy patients were enrolled after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. And those who had failed ≥ 2 antiepileptic drugs in whom lacosamide was added as add on drug therapy. Lacosamide tablets was administered orally twice daily. Influence of Lacosamide on children's behaviour was performed at every visit of titration, maintenance period and 2 follow ups at monthly interval. Patient's caregiver or investigator observed adverse events were recorded. Results: Out of 79 patient's, 53 were males and 26 females. Patients completing 3 months, of study therapy showed significant (p<0.001) decrease in frequency of seizure and improvement in behaviour at end of the treatment period and few patients had mild transient adverse events. Three patients were dropped from the study. Conclusion: Lacosamide signifies a beneficial drug that is effective and concurrently improved patient's behaviour in refractory partial epilepsy paediatric patients

Inequities of Transit Access: The Case of Atlanta, GA

Public transportation systems are essential components of urban infrastructure, providing connectivity that contributes to the quality of life for urban dwellers. Particularly important for low-income populations, public transportation systems enhance access to jobs, markets, services, education, healthcare, recreation, and social networks. While low-income populations and minorities make up a disproportionately high share of transit ridership, theories such as spatial mismatch, social construction framework, and Critical Race Theory maintain that public transportation systems may not provide equitable connectivity to all riders. We utilize GIS and regression models to examine the relationship between transit connectivity and poverty, asking whether connectivity is evenly distributed by social class. Atlanta, GA is a city with a significant low-income and minority population that is segregated from affluent, white neighborhoods. We exploit this spatial discontinuity to examine public transit access by socioeconomic status. We utilize ten years of General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) and census data, and a measure of employment and population connectivity for the period from 2012 and 2017. We find low public transit connectivity in high poverty and minority block groups, relative to other areas in the city. The findings underscore the need to fund public transit investments targeted at low income areas

Resistance to ondansetron: Role of pharmacogenetics in post-operative nausea and vomiting

Post-operative nausea and vomiting is the most annoying and at the same time a dangerous side effect of general anaesthesia. Ondansetron is a routinely used anti emetic drug which is being administered by the trial and error principle. Though it did revolutionized the management of this condition but by and large failed to completely eliminate the problem. Recently an important factor possibly elucidating this failure is said to be the differing expression of genes controlling proteins that are involved in transport and receptors related to this drug. Quite surprisingly these transporter and receptor pathways have been found to be polymorphic and at the same time shown to be related to efficacy of the drug. The differentiation between those responding to treatment and those not responding may pave a way to individualize treatment for emesis to a greater extent. This review highlights the pharmacogenetics related to this commonly used anti-emetic drug in anaesthesia. It is visualized as a promising way to achieve the target of individualized therapy. It seems obvious that pharmacogenetics will become an important field of anaesthesia research in the future.Keywords: 5-Hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonists; Ondansetron; Post-operative nausea and vomiting; Polymorphism; Pharmacogenetic

Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping and Probabilistic Atlas Generation of Hybrid Diffusion Imaging based on BFOR Signal Basis

We propose a large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping algorithm to align multiple b-value diffusion weighted imaging (mDWI) data, specifically acquired via hybrid diffusion imaging (HYDI), denoted as LDDMM-HYDI. We then propose a Bayesian model for estimating the white matter atlas from HYDIs. We adopt the work given in Hosseinbor et al. (2012) and represent the q-space diffusion signal with the Bessel Fourier orientation reconstruction (BFOR) signal basis. The BFOR framework provides the representation of mDWI in the q-space and thus reduces memory requirement. In addition, since the BFOR signal basis is orthonormal, the L2 norm that quantifies the differences in the q-space signals of any two mDWI datasets can be easily computed as the sum of the squared differences in the BFOR expansion coefficients. In this work, we show that the reorientation of the $q$-space signal due to spatial transformation can be easily defined on the BFOR signal basis. We incorporate the BFOR signal basis into the LDDMM framework and derive the gradient descent algorithm for LDDMM-HYDI with explicit orientation optimization. Additionally, we extend the previous Bayesian atlas estimation framework for scalar-valued images to HYDIs and derive the expectation-maximization algorithm for solving the HYDI atlas estimation problem. Using real HYDI datasets, we show the Bayesian model generates the white matter atlas with anatomical details. Moreover, we show that it is important to consider the variation of mDWI reorientation due to a small change in diffeomorphic transformation in the LDDMM-HYDI optimization and to incorporate the full information of HYDI for aligning mDWI

Hybridizing Micro - B4C with Carbon nanotubes to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Matrix Composites

In present work, the effects of hybridizing micron sized B4C particles with multi walled carbon nanotubes on the microstructural and mechanical properties of Al - B4C composite were investigated. Microstructure reveals grain refinement ascribed to the presence of uniformly distributed micron sized B4C particles with multi walled carbon nanotubes. The Al - (B4C + MWCNT) hybrid composite indicates the alliance of mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and ductility. The enhanced attribute of Al - (B4C + MWCNT) hybrid composite when compared to Al - B4C is the increased content and uniform distribution of MWCNTs. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd