DESIGN SPACE EXPLORATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF SUPER SCALAR PROCESSOR

Designing a microprocessor involves determining the optimal microarchitecture for a given objective function and a given set of constraints. Superscalar processing is the latest in along series of innovations aimed at producing ever-faster microprocessors. By exploiting instruction-level parallelism, superscalar processors[1] are capable of executing more than one instruction in a clock cycle.The architectural design of super scalar processor involves a lot of trade off issues when selecting parameter values for instruction level parallelism.The use of critical quantitative analysis based upon the Simple Scalar simulations is necessary to select optimal parameter values for the processor aimed at specific target environment. This paper aims at finding optimal values for the super scalar processor and determines which processor parameters have the greatest impact on the simulated execution time

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CARRIER OVERLAPPING PWM STRATEGIES FOR THREE PHASE FIVE LEVEL DIODE CLAMPED AND CASCADED INVERTERS

This paper proposes three Carrier Overlapping PWM (COPWM) methods that utilize the (CFD) control freedom degree of vertical offsets among carriers. They are: COPWM-A, COPWM-B, COPWM-C these three methods are simulated . This paper presents a comparative study of diode clamped and cascaded three phase five-level inverters based on sinusoidal PWM& modified space vector PWM control techniques. Performance analysis is based on the results of simulation study conducted on the operation of the multilevel inverters using MATLAB/ SIMULINK. For comparison purposes, non-overlapping phase disposition PWM (PD PWM) using SPWM and modified space vector PWM is also presented. The performance parameters chosen the work included fundamental output voltage and total harmonic distortion. . A hardware set up was developed for a single-phase 5-level cascaded inverter topology using constant pulses

NRP2 transcriptionally regulates its downstream effector WDFY1.

Neuropilins (NRPs) are cell surface glycoproteins that often act as co-receptors for plexins and VEGF family receptors. Neuropilin-2 (NRP2), a family member of NRPs, was shown to regulate autophagy and endocytic trafficking in cancer cells, a function distinctly different from its role as a co-receptor. WD Repeat and FYVE domain containing 1 (WDFY1)-protein acts downstream of NRP2 for this function. Our results indicated that NRP2 maintains an optimum concentration of WDFY1 by negatively regulating its expression. Since increased expression of WDFY1 reduces the endocytic activity, maintenance of WDFY1 level is crucial in metastatic cancer cells to sustain high endocytic activity, essential for promotion of oncogenic activation and cancer cell survival. Here, we have delineated the underlying molecular mechanism of WDFY1 synthesis by NRP2. Our results indicated that NRP2 inhibits WDFY1 transcription by preventing the nuclear localization of a transcription factor, Fetal ALZ50-reactive clone 1 (FAC1). Our finding is novel as transcriptional regulation of a gene by NRP2 axis has not been reported previously. Regulation of WDFY1 transcription by NRP2 axis is a critical event in maintaining metastatic phenotype in cancer cells. Thus, inhibiting NRP2 or hyper-activating WDFY1 can be an effective strategy to induce cell death in metastatic cancer

Neuropilin-2 regulates androgen-receptor transcriptional activity in advanced prostate cancer

Aberrant transcriptional activity of androgen receptor (AR) is one of the dominant mechanisms for developing of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Analyzing AR-transcriptional complex related to CRPC is therefore important towards understanding the mechanism of therapy-resistance. While studying its mechanism, we observed that a transmembrane protein called neuropilin-2 (NRP2) plays a contributory role in forming a novel AR-transcriptional complex containing nuclear pore proteins. Using immunogold electron microscopy, high-resolution confocal microscopy, chromatin immunoprecipitation, proteomics, and other biochemical techniques, we delineated the molecular mechanism of how a specific splice variant of NRP2 becomes sumoylated upon ligand stimulation and translocates to the inner nuclear membrane. This splice variant of NRP2 then stabilizes the complex between AR and nuclear pore proteins to promote CRPC specific gene expression. Both full-length and splice variants of AR have been identified in this specific transcriptional complex. In vitro cell line-based assays indicated that depletion of NRP2 not only destabilizes the AR-nuclear pore protein interaction but also inhibits the transcriptional activities of AR. Using an in vivo bone metastasis model, we showed that the inhibition of NRP2 led to the sensitization of CRPC cells toward established anti-AR therapies such as enzalutamide. Overall, our finding emphasize the importance of combinatorial inhibition of NRP2 and AR as an effective therapeutic strategy against treatment refractory prostate cancer

AES Implementation on Virtex-6 FPGA for Enhanced performance using pipelining and partial reconfiguration techniques

Abstract: Implementation of Encryption Standard system (AE

Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy: Clinicopathologic study from a single tertiary care centre

Background: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of chronic, autoimmune disorders which include a new entity, necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM). NAM lacks inflammation and presents with markedly elevated creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels. It is associated with connective tissue diseases (CTDs), statin use, malignancies, and most cases are idiopathic. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to describe the clinicopathologic features in muscle biopsy-proven cases of NAM. To emphasize the role of laboratory parameters such as CPK levels and myositis profile in the diagnosis of NAM. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study including 15 patients of NAM diagnosed on muscle biopsy over a period of 2 years. The slides of the biopsies were reviewed, and clinical data, electromyography findings, and CPK levels were obtained. Myositis profile was done. Results: Necrotizing myopathy accounted for 13.63% (15 cases) of total inflammatory myopathies (110 cases) in the study. These were grouped into CTD-associated NAM, statin-associated NAM, paraneoplastic NAM and idiopathic NAM which was the common type. All cases presented with progressive proximal muscle weakness and had markedly elevated CPK levels. Anti-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and antisignal recognition particle antibodies were seen to be positive in six patients. Muscle biopsies showed predominant fiber necrosis with significant fiber degeneration and regeneration in the absence of inflammation. All patients received immunotherapy with significant improvement was seen in six patients with two mortalities. Conclusion: Necrotizing myopathy is a new addition to the spectrum of IIM. Clinicopathologic correlation is important for appropriate diagnosis. It is found to be refractory to corticosteroids monotherapy. The course of illness is not uniform, and in some patients, there can be rapid worsening with mortality

Utility of CD200 expression by flow cytometry in lymphoproliferative disorders and plasma cell dyscrasias

Background: The cluster of differentiation 200 (CD200) is a recently introduced marker, used to differentiate various lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) and is a potential target for chemotherapy. Objective: The objective is to study the utility of CD200 expression by flow cytometry (FC) in various LPDs and plasma cell disorders. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study done over a period of 2 years. The study group included 52 cases with a clinical suspicion of LPD (n = 40) or plasma cell disorder (n = 12). Clinical data, morphological data on peripheral blood, and/or bone marrow examination were analyzed and correlated with the final results on FC. Results: Out of 40 LPDs, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) accounted for a majority of the cases accounting for 57.5% (23 cases). Plasma cell myelomas (PCM) were the most common plasma cell disorders accounting for 75% (nine cases). All cases of CLL showed CD200 expression and the two cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) were CD200 negative. Splenic marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) involving marrow showed dim CD200 expression. Bright CD200 expression was also observed in all cases of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and 67% of cases diagnosed as PCM. Conclusion: CD200 is a very useful marker in the diagnosis of various LPDs especially CLL, HCL, and PCMs. It can be used as an additional marker particularly in distinguishing CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) from MCL and atypical CLL from other CD5+ B-cell neoplasms and extranodal MZL

Tetrabutylammonium bromide and K₂CO₃: an eco-benign catalyst for the synthesis of 5-arylidene-1,3-thiazolidine- 2,4-diones via Knoevenagel condensation

<div><p>Phase-transfer catalyzed, energy-efficient and facile synthesis of 5-arylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-diones was developed. Three independent variables (temperature, bases and phase-transfer catalyst (PTC)) were screened through one-factor-at-a time (OFAT) study. The optimum reaction conditions suggested by the OFAT analysis were the use of tetrabutylammonium bromide (8 mol%) and potassium carbonate (1 mmol) for the reaction at 100°C. The nitrogen of PTC stabilizes carbonyl groups of thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD). The active methylene hydrogen of TZD forms potassium salt with potassium carbonate and generates 5-arylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-diones (1–16) through nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of arylaldehydes. The prominent advantages of this new process are economic viability, shorter reaction time (15 min), simple product isolation (non-chromatographic method), good to excellent yields (78–96%) and solvent-free conditions.</p></div

Synthesis and magnetothermal properties of a ferromagnetically coupled NiII-GdIII-NiII cluster

A linear trimeric cluster of molecular formula [Ni2Gd(L-)(6)](NO3) (1) (L- = (C14H12NO2) has been isolated with its structure determined via single crystal X-ray diffraction. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1 show that the nickel and gadolinium ions are coupled ferromagnetically, with a ground total spin state (S) of 11/2. Best fit spin Hamiltonian parameters obtained for 1 are J(1(Ni-Gd)) = + 0.54 cm(-1), g = 2.01. EPR measurements confirm a low magnetic anisotropy (D = -0.135 cm(-1)) for 1. Heat capacity determination of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) parameters for 1 shows that the change in magnetic entropy (-Delta S-m) achieves a maximum of 13.74 J kg(-1) K-1 at 4.0 K, with the ferromagnetic coupling giving a rapid change in low applied fields, confirming the potential of Gd molecular derivatives as coolants at liquid helium temperature

CCDC 951599: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures