The Functional Movement Screen Is Not A Valid Measure of Movement Competency

Movement assessments are used to determine injury risk, physical competency, and return-to-activity. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) was developed to identify movement competency and susceptibility to injury. Although this tool is frequently used, its efficacy and validity have not been conclusively determined. The three studies presented in this thesis explored the validity of the FMS through comparison to existing validated tests and statistical measures of internal validity. The purpose of Study 1 was to determine if performance in the FMS and the Y-Balance Test (YBT) were related. The YBT is a measure of dynamic stability, a component of functional movement. This study showed partial correspondence between the tests, though the correlation was not strong enough to consider them interchangeable nor that dynamic stability was a large component of the FMS score The purpose of Study 2 was to investigate the factorial validity of the FMS. This is particularly important as the aggregate score of the FMS test is used to determine injury risk. Exploratory factor analysis of a sample of healthy adults revealed that the FMS has a multidimensional factor structure, and therefore using the aggregate score of the FMS is not appropriate. The purpose of Study 3 was to assess whether the factor structure of the FMS is consistent across different populations. We compared exploratory factor analyses and factor congruence of the FMS in a general population sample, varsity athletes, and firefighters. We observed a two-factor structure that varied in composition between groups, suggesting that the factor structure of the FMS may differ, according to population. Overall, this thesis determined that the aggregate score of the FMS is not a valid tool for evaluating functional movement. Although the FMS does appear to partially quantify dynamic stability, it is also characterized by a lack of consistency between populations, and a multidimensional factor structure. This suggests that the aggregate score should not be used to interpret an individual’s movement proficiency or susceptibility to injury

The Efficacy and Feasibility of Web-Based Acceptance-Enhanced Behavioral Treatment for Trichotillomania in Adults: A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial

Trichotillomania, or chronic hair pulling, impacts several aspects of a person’s everyday life and functioning including making it difficult to fully engage in school, work, romantic relationships, and other social relationships. There are several treatment options for trichotillomania and one that is particularly promising is acceptance and commitment therapy-enhanced behavioral therapy (AEBT). Several studies have been done in person and through telehealth and this treatment has helped participants. Many people in the U.S. struggle with trichotillomania but many people are not able to access treatment for their hair pulling because clinicians are not available in their area, clinicians are not trained to help with hair pulling, and the financial burden of therapy on the individual. Telehealth has helped individuals to access clinicians, but it still causes a financial burden to access telehealth services. This study was designed to test a web-based treatment, that could be accessed from anywhere, that delivered AEBT through a fully automated, modular system to address all barriers and limitations to accessing treatment. The treatment was tested against a waitlist condition (delayed access to treatment) in a sample of 81 adults in the U.S. with trichotillomania. Results are discussed

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Conflict and Active Participation as Methods of Inducing the Conservation of Substance

This study was concerned with the possibility of training for conservation. With the component elements held constant across all groups, the effectiveness of two methods of presentation, cognitive conflict and active participation, were tested by a pretest-training-posttest procedure using a 2 x 2 design with a common control group. Within the treatment groups, a conflict presentation of addition-subtraction and perceptual components was contrasted with a non-conflict presentation of the same addition-subtraction and perceptual components, each in a separate series. An active manipulation procedure was contrasted with passive participation. Results indicated that conservation responses increased within the treatment groups significantly more than in the control group, but no significant differences were found among the training procedures. The fact that there was no increase in the vocabulary score from pre- to posttest suggested that the training procedures did not cause an increase in understanding of vocabulary. Possible reasons for failure to obtain significant differences within the training groups were discussed, and a possible alternative procedure was suggested. In addition, the possibility of using identity-type test questions instead of equality-type questions was considered

Entwined Threads of Red and Black: The Hidden History of Indigenous Enslavement in Louisiana, 1699-1824

Contrary to nationalist teleologies, the enslavement of Native Americans was not a small and isolated practice in the territories that now comprise the United States. This thesis is a case study of its history in Louisiana from European contact through the Early American Period, utilizing French Superior Council and Spanish judicial records, Louisiana Supreme Court case files, statistical analysis of slave records, and the synthesis and reinterpretation of existing scholarship. This paper primarily argues that it was through anti-Blackness and anti-Indigeneity and with the utilization of socially constructed racial designations that “Indianness” was controlled and exploited, and that Native Americans and their mixed-race Black-Native descendants continued to be enslaved alongside the larger population Africans and African Americans in Louisiana. Lacking a decolonized lens and historiography inclusive of the enslavement of Indigenous peoples, the American story ignores the full impact of white settler colonialism and historical trauma

Pelaksanaan Pasal 42 Undang-undang Nomor 34 Tahun 2004 Tentang Tentara Nasional Indonesia Terkait dengan Kenaikan Pangkat dan Jabatan Bagi Perwira Tentara Nasional Indonesia dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Kinerjanya (Studi pada Satuan Grup 2 Komando Pasukan Kh

SIDalam skripsi ini membahas tentang pelaksanaan kenaikan pangkat dan jabatan bagi perwira TNI khususnya di satuan Grup 2 Kopassus. Perwira berperan sebagai pemimpin, pemikir, pemrakarsa, penggerak, penentu dan penanggungjawab keberhasilan tugas. Diperlukan pembinaan karier yang terarah, terencana, dan berdaya guna agar tujuan organisasi tercapai dengan baik. Kenaikan pangkat dan jabatan merupakan aktifitas rutin yang terjadi dalam organisasi, sebagai bentuk dinamika organisasi demi mencapai prinsip The Right Man In The Right Place. Pemberian kenaikan pangkat dan jabatan pada waktu yang tepat dapat mempengaruhi moril perwira dan berkaitan langsung dengan kinerjanya sebagai aparatur Negara. Metode pendekatan penulisan skripsi ini yaitu metode pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Dengan data primer berupa wawancara langsung dengan narasumber dan data sekunder berupa dokumentasi, berkas serta arsip yang diperoleh pada saat melakukan penelitian di lapangan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perwira satuan Grup 2 Kopassus yang mengalami kenaikan pangkat dan jabatan, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Seksi Personalia dan Perwira Seksi Personalia Grup 2 Kopassus.Dalam penulisan skripsi ini permasalahan yang diangkat meliputi bagaimana pelaksanaan kenaikan pangkat dan jabatan bagi perwira TNI khususnya di lingkungan satuan Grup 2 Kopassus, hambatan apa saja yang dihadapi saat pelaksanaan beserta faktor yang mempengaruhi hambatan tersebut dan solusi apa saja yang dilakukan oleh pimpinan satuan Grup 2 Kopassus untuk mengatasi hambatan yang ada. Setelah melakukan penelitian dengan melakukan wawancara dan menganalisis tentang pelaksanaan kenaikan pangkat dan jabatan perwira di lingkungan Grup 2 Kopassus, dapat diketahui pelaksanaan pembinaan karier tersebut sudah sesuai dengan tujuan dan peraturan yang berlaku. Akan tetapi permasalahan yang sering muncul adalah tertundanya pelaksanaan keputusan kenaikan pangkat dan jabatan dikarenakan perwira yang bersangkutan sedang menjalani sanksi administrasi dari pelanggaran yang ia perbuat, selain itu belum adanya surat perintah untuk menduduki suatu jabatan yang dipromosikan sehingga tertundanya kenaikan pangkat perwira tersebut. Selain itu tidak lulusnya seorang perwira dalam menjalani pendidikan menjadi pertimbangan utama untuk melaksanakan kenaikan pangkat dan jabatannya. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini diadakannya pembinaan personel meliputi pembinaan kesejahteraan, pembinaan mental, dan pembinaan moril

Towards innovative behaviour for technology students

Scale items related to Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies (CMSs), Course Design Characteristics (CDCs), Knowledge Sharing Behaviour (KSB) and Innovative Behaviour (IB) can be gathered from literature and located within relevant theoretical conceptual frameworks. The aim of the study reported on in this paper was answering the research question: How can such items be re-purposed and/or modified for measuring CMSs, CDCs, KSB and IB during technology education? The importance of this research is justified in terms of the study objectives. The paper explains the design and execution of the methodology as appropriate and adequate in relation to the research question. This quantitative research design considered issues of reliability and validity. The discussion of results shows insight and originality, suggests implications and makes recommendations that are applicable and useful. The research question is answered in the conclusion, with the conclusions being justifiable in terms of the methodology and the results of the pilot study, which allowed for refining of the measures in terms of a set of original items to be used in the main study. The pilot study also contributes towards scholarly debate in fields related to CMSs, CDCs, KSB and IB.Institute for Science and Technology Education (ISTE

Towards innovative behaviour for technology students

Scale items related to Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies (CMSs), Course Design Characteristics (CDCs), Knowledge Sharing Behaviour (KSB) and Innovative Behaviour (IB) can be gathered from literature and located within relevant theoretical conceptual frameworks. The aim of the study reported on in this paper was answering the research question: How can such items be re-purposed and/or modified for measuring CMSs, CDCs, KSB and IB during technology education? The importance of this research is justified in terms of the study objectives. The paper explains the design and execution of the methodology as appropriate and adequate in relation to the research question. This quantitative research design considered issues of reliability and validity. The discussion of results shows insight and originality, suggests implications and makes recommendations that are applicable and useful. The research question is answered in the conclusion, with the conclusions being justifiable in terms of the methodology and the results of the pilot study, which allowed for refining of the measures in terms of a set of original items to be used in the main study. The pilot study also contributes towards scholarly debate in fields related to CMSs, CDCs, KSB and IB.Institute for Science and Technology Education (ISTE

The effects of a steer assist system on bicycle postural control in real-life safety challenges

With aging, the sensory, motor, and central nervous system deficiencies lead to inadequate bicycle postural control in older cyclists. Similarly, variety in riding skills leads to different bicycle postural control strategies. Cycling seems to be an automated task but keeping the bicycle stable at low speed, pedaling, and steering requires continuous physical and cognitive effort, and in long term may lead to fatigue induced by steering and stabilizing the e-bike at low forward speeds especially in older cyclists. E-bikes enables riders to cycle for langer duration and distance by reducing the physical fatigue. There is an increasing societal interest in electric bicycles where in 2021, 26. 73 billion US dollars worldwide have been invested on e-bikes and by 2027 this global market size will increase to 53.53 billion US dollars (Statista). However, with increased numbers of e-bikes, bicycle accidents due to inadequate steering and balance control by older cyclists have increased, which suggests needs for extra safety measures to maintain balance on a bicycle for challenging situation such as facing undesired disturbances or low forward speeds. We developed a prototype steering assist which aims to increase safety and improve the user experience, by reducing the steering effort and enhancing the bicycle postural control (rider-bike balance control). We investigated the potential effectiveness ofthe steering assist technology in real life challenging situations. Our present study should be considered exploratory research to find the potential effectiveness of the steering assist technology in improving the user experience and safety compared to a non-assistive e-bike. The improved bicycle postural control is validated by smaller range, variability, and rate of steering and roll trajectories when the rider is subjected to an unwanted disturbance. Improved bicycle postural control is expected based on the reduced need for compensatory behavior in the presence of assistive technology. Decreased steering effort is expected due to reduced demand for acute steering control in the anticipatory control strategy