Eccrine porocarcinoma of the head: An important differential diagnosis in the elderly patient

Background: Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the sweat gland, characterized by a broad spectrum of clinicopathologic presentations. Surprisingly, unlike its benign counterpart eccrine poroma, eccrine porocarcinoma is seldom found in areas with a high density of eccrine sweat glands, like the palms or soles. Instead, eccrine porocarcinoma frequently occurs on the lower extremities, trunk and abdomen, but also on the head, resembling various other skin tumors, as illustrated in the patients described herein. Observations: We report 5 cases of eccrine porocarcinoma of the head. All patients were initially diagnosed as having epidermal or melanocytic skin tumors. Only after histopathologic examination were they classified as eccrine porocarcinoma, showing features of epithelial tumors with abortive ductal differentiation. Characteristic clinical, histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings of eccrine porocarcinomas are illustrated. Conclusion: Eccrine porocarcinomas are potentially fatal adnexal malignancies, in which extensive metastatic dissemination may occur. Porocarcinomas are commonly overlooked, or misinterpreted as squamous or basal cell carcinomas as well as other common malignant and even benign skin tumors. Knowledge of the clinical pattern and histologic findings, therefore, is crucial for an early therapeutic intervention, which can reduce the risk of tumor recurrence and serious complications. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY & ALLERGY

Background: The potential transformation in the maxillary complex morphology is mostly complete during childhood. Recent studies suggest a nasal tissue remodeling both in the overlying mucosa and in the underlying sinus bone in nasal polyposis (NP). Our evaluation of computed tomography (CT) revealed that the maxillary arch is more flat and shallow in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with NP. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible effects of NP to the maxillary arch morphology in adulthood and to investigate a possible remodeling of the maxillary bone during the course of NP. Methods: A prospective study was performed on 25 patients. Grading of the polyps, acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry assessments, and CT scans were documented initially, 1 year after diagnosis, and 2 years postoperatively. Twenty-five subjects' CT scans randomly selected from our CT database formed the comparison group. The plane angle between the maxillary alveolar processes (MAP) and the palatine process of the maxillary bone (MPP), and the depth of the maxillary arch of both groups were compared. Results: The results pointed out that the maxillary arch was shallower and the bilateral angles between MAP and MPP were significantly greater than those of the comparison group in all evaluation periods. This difference was less at the end of the postoperative follow-up period. Conclusion: Although it is a common belief that maxillofacial formation expires in childhood, this may not be the case under some special conditions such as NP in adulthood. NP might cause maxillary arch remodeling in adults. (Am J Rhinol Allergy 24, 428-432, 2010; doi: 10.2500/ajra.2010.24.3546

EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY

Nasal congestion is a cardinal symptom of allergic rhinitis (AR). It is associated with decreased quality of life and difficult to treat as perceived by the patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mid-term objective and subjective outcomes of management of nasal congestion using intranasal steroid (INS) therapy or radiofrequency turbinoplasty (RFT) in patients with persistent AR who have mucosal hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate. Fifty-five adult patients with AR, who claimed nasal congestion refractory to oral antihistamine (desloratadine) therapy, were randomized to INS (mometasone furoate) or temperature-controlled RFT treatment groups. Outcomes were determined by active anterior rhinomanometry, visual analog scale (VAS), and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) at least 12 months after treatment. The median total nasal resistance decreased from 0.49 +/- A 0.17 to 0.39 +/- A 0.12 Pa/cm(3)/s (p = 0.42), and from 0.51 +/- A 0.18 to 0.29 +/- A 0.07 Pa/cm(3)/s (p = 0.003) with INS and RFT, respectively. RFT provided a better reduction in the perception of congestion in VAS scores. RQLQ scores improved significantly in both groups 1 year after treatment (mean follow-up 14.2 months) (p < 0.05). No adverse reactions were encountered in either group. Nasal congestion refractory to antihistamine appears to be improved by INS at some point, while reduced significantly by RFT in objective and subjective parameters. Both options are also effective in increasing the quality of life in patients with AR. RFT might be a safe and effective treatment of option in AR compared with INS

JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY

Research using animal models gives human trials hope for recovery in many fields of regenerative medicine, although they are sometimes poor predictors for human experiences. Our goal was to investigate whether rat chondrocytes, differentiated from adipose-derived stem cells, could be transplanted using a new, easily shaped, bioactive glass scaffold, and to show the immunohistochemical results. Intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue was extracted from 6 male Wistar albino type rats. The fatty tissue samples were fragmented and incubated. Chondrogenic differentiation was carried out and collagen type II, bFGF, and Sox-9 immunohistochemical characterization analysis was performed. Differentiated chondrocytes were implanted on 13-93B3 bioactive glass scaffolds and transplanted into the right ears of the rats. As control, only the biomaterial was transplanted into the left ears of the rats. After 1 month, the rats were sacrificed and transplantation areas were examined immunohistochemically. Histological examination of control samples from the left ears revealed that the biomaterial was covered with connective tissue, its general structure was preserved, and resorption of the scaffold had started. In specimens from the right ears, the biomaterial was covered with connective tissue, its structure was preserved, cartilage cells were present around the biomaterial, and the presence of cartilage tissue was demonstrated immunohistochemically. In conclusion, 13-93B3 bioactive glass scaffold contributed to the formation of new collagen and the survival of chondrocytes, and is a promising new biomaterial that will prove very useful in regenerative medicine

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY & ALLERGY

Background: Our male patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (NP) declare a better sexual function after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) with polypectomy. This study was planned to conduct the first prospective, controlled trial evaluating the possible relation between erectile dysfunction (ED) and NP by subjective and objective parameters. Methods: Thirty-three male patients with NP and thirty randomly selected male control subjects were evaluated. All subjects underwent assessments of nasal endoscopy, rhinomanometry, body mass index (BMI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, full in-laboratory polysomnograpy and serum levels of glucose, thyroid hormones, lipid profile, and testosterone. ED was evaluated by the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) subjectively and nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) objectively. The NP group was reassessed 6 months after FESS. Results: The mean age, BMI, and laboratory tests of the patients and the control subjects had no significant difference. The well-recognized risk factors for ED were eliminated. Preoperative evaluation of the patients revealed that ED was present in 34 and 24% of the patients by IIEF-EF and NPT, respectively, which was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.009 and p = 0.018, respectively). There was a significant improvement of ED in the assessment of IIEF-EF and NPT postoperatively (p = 0.014 and p = 0.037, respectively). Conclusion: ED was determined in a high percentage of patients with NP and significantly ameliorated after FESS. NP might present a risk factor in the development of ED. (Am J Rhinol Allergy 25, 112-115, 2011; doi: 10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3585