6,778 research outputs found
Deterministic Transformations of Multipartite Entangled States with Tensor Rank 2
Transformations involving only local operations assisted with classical
communication are investigated for multipartite entangled pure states having
tensor rank 2. All necessary and sufficient conditions for the possibility of
deterministically converting truly multipartite, rank-2 states into each other
are given. Furthermore, a chain of local operations that successfully achieves
the transformation has been identified for all allowed transformations. The
identified chains have two nice features: (1) each party needs to carry out at
most one local operation and (2) all of these local operations are also
deterministic transformations by themselves. Finally, it is found that there
are disjoint classes of states, all of which can be identified by a single real
parameter, which remain invariant under deterministic transformations.Comment: 27 pages, 1 figure; added new references and improved the
presentatio
Spatial and Angular Resolution Enhancement of Light Fields Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Light field imaging extends the traditional photography by capturing both
spatial and angular distribution of light, which enables new capabilities,
including post-capture refocusing, post-capture aperture control, and depth
estimation from a single shot. Micro-lens array (MLA) based light field cameras
offer a cost-effective approach to capture light field. A major drawback of MLA
based light field cameras is low spatial resolution, which is due to the fact
that a single image sensor is shared to capture both spatial and angular
information. In this paper, we present a learning based light field enhancement
approach. Both spatial and angular resolution of captured light field is
enhanced using convolutional neural networks. The proposed method is tested
with real light field data captured with a Lytro light field camera, clearly
demonstrating spatial and angular resolution improvement
First-principles investigation of magnetism and electronic structures of substitutional transition-metal impurities in bcc Fe
The magnetic and electronic structures of impurity atoms from Sc to Zn
in ferromagnetic body-centered cubic iron are investigated using the
all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method based on the
generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We found that in general, the GGA
results are closer to the experimental values than those of the local spin
density approximation. The calculated formation enthalpy data indicate the
importance of a systematic study on the ternary Fe-C- systems rather than
the binary Fe- systems, in steel design. The lattice parameters are
optimized and the conditions for spin polarization at the impurity sites are
discussed in terms of the local Stoner model. Our calculations, which are
consistent with previous work, imply that the local spin-polarizations at Sc,
Ti, V, Cu, and Zn are induced by the host Fe atoms. The early transition-metal
atoms couple antiferromagnetically, while the late transition-metal atoms
couple ferromagnetically, to the host Fe atoms. The calculated total
magnetization () of bcc Fe is reduced by impurity elements from Sc to Cr as
a result of the antiferromagnetic interaction, with the opposite effect for
solutes which couple ferromagnetically. The changes in are attributed to
nearest neighbor interactions, mostly between the impurity and host atoms. The
atom averaged magnetic moment is shown to follow generally the well-known
Slater-Pauling curve, but our results do not follow the linearity of the
Slater-Pauling curve. We attribute this discrepancy to the weak ferromagnetic
nature of bcc Fe. The calculated Fermi contact hyperfine fields follow the
trend of the local magnetic moments. The effect of spin-orbit coupling is found
not to be significant although it comes into prominence at locations far from
the impurity sites.Comment: 26 pages, 11 figure
An alternative account of anti-effeminacy bias: Reputation concerns and lack of coalitional value explain honor-oriented men’s reluctance to befriend feminine men
Anti-effeminacy bias follows a specific pattern with men showing stronger anti-effeminacy bias against male targets than women. Previous explanations focused on men’s higher tendency to stigmatize feminine men as homosexual and motives to maintain a dominant group status. Here, we suggest that certain expressions of anti-effeminacy bias may rather be a manifestation of men’s reputation management motives for coalition formation, and be amplified among high (vs. low) masculine honor-oriented men. In three studies with samples from the UK and Turkey, we showed that men perceived feminine (vs. masculine) male targets as lower on coalitional value and were more reluctant to befriend them, yet this applied only to high (not low) honor-oriented men. Honor-oriented men’s friendship reluctance was mediated by concern with losing reputation by association to targets lacking coalitional value. These findings extend understanding of anti-effeminacy bias by drawing attention to men’s reputation concerns for coalitional reasons and individual differences
Patient-centred pharmaceutical design to improve acceptability of medicines : similarities and differences in paediatric and geriatric populations
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.Patient acceptability of a medicinal product is a key aspect in the development and prescribing of medicines. Children and older adults differ in many aspects from the other age subsets of population and require particular considerations in medication acceptability. This review highlights the similarities and differences in these two age groups in relation to factors affecting acceptability of medicines. New and conventional formulations of medicines are considered regarding their appropriateness for use in children and older people. Aspects of a formulation that impact acceptability in these patient groups are discussed, including, for example, taste/smell/viscosity of a liquid and size/shape of a tablet. A better understanding of the acceptability of existing formulations highlights opportunities for the development of new and more acceptable medicines and facilitates safe and effective prescribing for the young and older populationsPeer reviewedFinal Published versio
Aggregate investor sentiment and stock return synchronicity
© 2019 Elsevier B.V. We show that the returns of individual stocks become more synchronous with the aggregate market during periods of high investor sentiment. We also document that the effect of sentiment on stock return synchronicity is especially pronounced for small, young, volatile, non-dividend-paying and low-priced stocks. This ‘difference in difference’ suggests that stocks with these characteristics are affected more by sentiment—consistent with previous studies. Our results support the hypothesis that greater constraints on arbitrage and the prevalence of sentiment-driven demand during periods of high sentiment lead to increased comovement among stocks
The β-blocker Nebivolol Is a GRK/β-arrestin Biased Agonist
Nebivolol, a third generation β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) antagonist (β-blocker), causes vasodilation by inducing nitric oxide (NO) production. The mechanism via which nebivolol induces NO production remains unknown, resulting in the genesis of much of the controversy regarding the pharmacological action of nebivolol. Carvedilol is another β-blocker that induces NO production. A prominent pharmacological mechanism of carvedilol is biased agonism that is independent of Gαs and involves G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)/β-arrestin signaling with downstream activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Due to the pharmacological similarities between nebivolol and carvedilol, we hypothesized that nebivolol is also a GRK/β-arrestin biased agonist. We tested this hypothesis utilizing mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) that solely express β2-ARs, and HL-1 cardiac myocytes that express β1- and β2-ARs and no detectable β3-ARs. We confirmed previous reports that nebivolol does not significantly alter cAMP levels and thus is not a classical agonist. Moreover, in both cell types, nebivolol induced rapid internalization of β-ARs indicating that nebivolol is also not a classical β-blocker. Furthermore, nebivolol treatment resulted in a time-dependent phosphorylation of ERK that was indistinguishable from carvedilol and similar in duration, but not amplitude, to isoproterenol. Nebivolol-mediated phosphorylation of ERK was sensitive to propranolol (non-selective β-AR-blocker), AG1478 (EGFR inhibitor), indicating that the signaling emanates from β-ARs and involves the EGFR. Furthermore, in MEFs, nebivolol-mediated phosphorylation of ERK was sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of GRK2 as well as siRNA knockdown of β-arrestin 1/2. Additionally, nebivolol induced redistribution of β-arrestin 2 from a diffuse staining pattern into more intense punctate spots. We conclude that nebivolol is a β2-AR, and likely β1-AR, GRK/β-arrestin biased agonist, which suggests that some of the unique clinically beneficial effects of nebivolol may be due to biased agonism at β1- and/or β2-ARs. © 2013 Erickson et al
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