New family of reversing switches type NHM for trams

Nawrotnik jest aparatem elektrycznym służącym do bez¬prądowej zmiany konfiguracji obwodu głównego pojazdu trakcyjnego, polegającej na odpowiednim przełączeniu zacisków obwodu wzbudzenia silników trakcyjnych. W wyniku tej zmiany następuje odwrócenie kierunku przepływu prądu w obwodach wzbudzenia, a co za tym idzie zmiana kierunku obrotów silników. W przypadku pojazdów napędzanych silnikami szeregowymi prądu stałego w ten sposób uzyskuje się możliwość jazdy wagonem zarówno do przodu jak i do tyłu

Patient Perceptions of Medical Students’ Involvement in Clinical Classes: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Krzysztof Kaliszewski, Szymon Makles, Agnieszka Fr&aogon;tczak, Micha&lstrok; Kisiel, Patrycja Lipska, Agata Stebel Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, PolandCorrespondence: Szymon Makles, Tel +48 662 761 377, Email [email protected]: A crucial aspect of the education of prospective medical professionals is their interaction with patients. The study aimed to explore patients’ perspectives on the interaction between medical students and themselves. It sought to understand how patients perceive this dynamic within clinical classes. The goal was to gather insights into the most favorable behavior and demeanor of medical students during these sessions, with the overarching objective of enhancing patient comfort.Material and Methods: The authors collected a total of 403 surveys from patients of a teaching hospital, regarding their perception of students as healthcare providers. The participants ranged in age from 18 to 92. 53.83% of the participants were female, and 46.17% were male. The surveys were collected between April 8th, 2022, and August 10th, 2022. The results of the anonymous survey undergone statistical analyses using the Mann‒Whitney U-test for comparing two groups and the Kruskal‒Wallis test for comparing more than two groups, because the Shapiro‒Wilk test indicated that the data did not follow a normal distribution.Results: The study delved into patients’ assessments of students’ external presentation, adherence to behavioral norms, empathetic qualities, consideration during intimate examinations, and preferences for the organization of clinical classes. Our research indicates notable differences in responses based on age. Specifically, the senior demographic prioritizes students’ external presentation, communication and the utilization of courteous language more often than younger individuals (p< 0.05). Attendees exhibit varying levels of interest in participating in educational sessions with students based on the ward. Significantly, individuals in the gynecology ward display the least enthusiasm for engagement (p< 0.05). Notably, the majority of patients perceive their involvement in the education of future healthcare professionals to be essential (83.38%).Conclusion: The study found that generally, patients voluntarily engage in educational classes with students. The relationship between patients and students is amicable, and the majority of students display a respectful demeanor toward patients. Nonetheless, preserving patient confidentiality and ensuring the proper management of classes remain persistent issues. This is particularly crucial, especially when the clinical classes pertain to intimate and personal health matters of a patient. Upholding and enriching the organization of such sessions, along with the attentiveness and knowledge of medical students regarding patient comfort, assumes heightened significance.Keywords: medical education, clinical teaching, student-patient relationship, patients’ opinions on students, patient partner

Sputtering and Implantation of VV-6025X Surface with Slow Heavy Ions Monitored with PIXE

In this work the characteristic radiation, emitted during interaction of medium energy (200 keV) ambient heavy ions (Ar) with $Fe_{4}Co_{66}Si_{12}B_{14}Nb_{1}Mo_{2}Cu_{1}$ (VV-6025X) amorphous alloy, was measured in grazing incident-exit angle geometry and in time sequence, in order to determine dynamics of formation of subsurface region, damaged through implantation, sputtering and interface mixing. It was shown that structure and composition of surface is unstable against heavy ions irradiation due to preferential sputtering and implantation of ions, and recoils, and that the dynamics of such modification can be monitored in-situ with particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method

Aza-Peterson Olefinations: Rapid Synthesis of (E)-Alkenes

An aza-Peterson olefination methodology to access 1,3-dienes and stilbene derivatives from the corresponding allyl- or benzyl trimethylsilanes is described. Silanes can be deprotonated using Schlosser’s base and added into N-phenyl imines or ketones to directly give the desired products in high yields