Distinct expression patterns of ER alpha and ER beta in normal human mammary gland

AIM: Two oestrogen receptors (ERs) have been identified to date—the “classic” ERa and the more recently described ERb. Although much is known about ERa at the mRNA and protein levels, our knowledge of the expression and distribution of ERb protein is much more limited. The aim of this study was to compare the cellular distribution of ERa and ERb in normal human mammary gland. METHODS: Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded material was obtained from reduction mammoplasty specimens, normal tissue adjacent to breast tumour, or fibroadenoma. Sections were immunohistochemically stained for ERa, ERb, and the progesterone receptor. The staining pattern for each antibody was evaluated and compared. RESULTS: ERa was restricted to the cell nuclei of epithelial cells lining ducts and lobules. Although ERb was also seen in these cells, additional strong staining was detected specifically in the cell nuclei of myoepithelial cells. Occasional staining was seen in surrounding stromal and endothelial cell nuclei and in lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: ER subtypes have distinct distribution patterns in the normal mammary gland. The widespread distribution of ERb suggests that it may be the dominant ER in the mammary gland where it may be acting as a natural suppressor

Footprints Revisited or Life in the Changed Space that I don\u27t Know : Elke Erb\u27s Poetry Since 1989

After the fall of the Wall, the lyrical correspondence of the East German writer Elke Erb with the Austrian experimental writer Friederike Mayröcker proved to be of great significance for Erb\u27s process of reexamining perspectives and constituting a new poetic self. In a close reading of Erb\u27s post-Wende texts, the article discusses Erb\u27s reshaping of her poetic craft against the backdrop of her life in the former GDR and literarty discourses in unified Germany. The analysis of representative poetry focuses on three areas of Erb\u27s poetry collections after 1989: critical reflections on life in the former GDR through linguistically playful strategies; unanchored existence in spaces of language that signify a suspicious stance toward language and signification; intertextuality in the form of text-echoes with Friederike Mayröcker. This essay argues that Erb\u27s intense reading of Mayröcker between 1991 and 1994 is a unique model of female reader response

Matthew Scinto, conductor, September 19, 2015

This is the concert program of the Matthew Scinto, conductor performance on Saturday, September 19, 2015 at 2:00 p.m., at the Concert Hall, 855 Commonwealth Avenue. Works performed were I. Allegro Aperto from Violin Concerto No. 5 in A major, K. 219 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Symphony no. 5 in C minor, Op. 67 by Ludwig van Beethoven. Digitization for Boston University Concert Programs was supported by the Boston University Humanities Library Endowed Fund

A quasi-orthogonal, invertible, and perceptually relevant time-frequency transform for audio coding

International audienceWe describe ERB-MDCT, an invertible real-valued time-frequency transform based on MDCT, which is widely used in audio coding (e.g. MP3 and AAC). ERB-MDCT was designed similarly to ERBLet, a recent invertible transform with a resolution evolving across frequency to match the perceptual ERB frequency scale, while the frequency scale in most invertible transforms (e.g. MDCT) is uniform. ERB-MDCT has mostly the same frequency scale as ERBLet, but the main improvement is that atoms are quasi-orthogonal, i.e. its redundancy is close to 1. Furthermore, the energy is more sparse in the time-frequency plane. Thus, it is more suitable for audio coding than ERBLet

Spectral filtering for the resolution of the Gibbs phenomenon in MPI applications

open3Polynomial interpolation on the node points of Lissajous curves using Chebyshev series is an e effective way for a fast image reconstruction in Magnetic Particle Imaging. Due to the nature of spectral methods, a Gibbs phenomenon occurs in the reconstructed image if the underlying function has discontinuities. A possible solution for this problem are spectral filtering methods acting on the coefficients of the interpolating polynomial. In this work, after a description of the Gibbs phenomenon in two dimensions, we present an adaptive spectral filtering process for the resolution of this phenomenon and for an improved approximation of the underlying function or image. In this adaptive filtering technique, the spectral filter depends on the distance of a spatial point to the nearest discontinuity. We show the effectiveness of this filtering approach in theory, in numerical simulations as well as in the application in Magnetic Particle Imaging.openDe Marchi, Stefano; Erb, Wolfgang; Marchetti, Francesco.DE MARCHI, Stefano; Erb, Wolfgang; Marchetti, Francesc

Far-infrared absorption and the metal-to-insulator transition in hole-doped cuprates

By studying the optical conductivity of BSLCO and YCBCO, we show that the metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) in these hole-doped cuprates is driven by the opening of a small gap at low T in the far infrared. Its width is consistent with the observations of Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy in other cuprates, along the nodal line of the k-space. The gap forms as the Drude term turns into a far-infrared absorption, whose peak frequency can be approximately predicted on the basis of a Mott-like transition. Another band in the mid infrared softens with doping but is less sensitive to the MIT.Comment: To be published on Physical Review Letter

Adaptive Optics observations of LBQS 0108+0028: K-band detection of the host galaxy of a radio-quiet QSO at z=2

We report the first unambiguous detection of the host galaxy of a normal radio-quiet QSO at high-redshift in K-band. The luminosity of the host comprises about 35% of the total K-band luminosity. Assuming the average colour of QSOs at z=2, the host would be about 5 to 6 mag brighter than an unevolved L* galaxy placed at z=2, and 3 to 4 mag brighter than a passively evolved L* galaxy at the same redshift. The luminosity of the host galaxy of the QSO would thus overlap with the highest found in radio-loud QSOs and radio-galaxies at the same redshift.Comment: Accepted to be published in MNRAS. 4 pages, 2 postscript figures. Also available at http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~itzia

Phonon anomalies and electron-phonon interaction in RuSr_2GdCu_2O_8 ferromagnetic superconductor: Evidence from infrared conductivity

Critical behavior of the infrared reflectivity of RuSr_2GdCu_2O_8 ceramics is observed near the superconducting T_{SC} = 45 K and magnetic T_M = 133 K transition temperatures. The optical conductivity reveals the typical features of the c-axis optical conductivity of strongly underdoped multilayer superconducting cuprates. The transformation of the Cu-O bending mode at 288 cm^{-1} to a broad absorption peak at the temperatures between T^* = 90 K and T_{SC} is clearly observed, and is accompanied by the suppression of spectral weight at low frequencies. The correlated shifts to lower frequencies of the Ru-related phonon mode at 190 cm^{-1} and the mid-IR band at 4800 cm^{-1} on decreasing temperature below T_M are observed. It provides experimental evidence in favor of strong electron-phonon coupling of the charge carriers in the Ru-O layers which critically depends on the Ru core spin alignment. The underdoped character of the superconductor is explained by strong hole depletion of the CuO_2 planes caused by the charge carrier self-trapping at the Ru moments.Comment: 11 pages incl. 5 figures, submitted to PR