Effectiveness of cidofovir intralesional treatment in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

To present the results of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) treatment with surgical excision and adjuvant anti-viral cidofovir intralesional use and to examine the correlation between the cidofovir effectiveness and the patient previous history of multiple larynx procedures, age, extension of lesion and dose. 32 patients with laryngeal papillomas were treated with cidofovir in our Department between I.2009 and I.2011. The number of previous RRP debulking procedures ranged from 1 to 100. The intensity of papillomatosis differed from one anatomic site and moderate growth to four or five localizations with heavy extension. The number of injections per patient varied from 1 to 7, and the total volume of 5 mg/ml solution varied from 2 to 33 ml. The injections were combined with laser debulking of the lesions. In disperse papillomata, the injections were administered in particular anatomical sites in 4–6 weeks intervals, in massive lesions injections were repeated in the same anatomical site in 2–4 weeks. Complete remission was observed in 18 out of 32 patients. 13 patients showed remission in a place of cidofovir injection. One patient did not react to the drug. In four patients, new changes in injection places appeared. In two patients, hepatic toxic side effects were observed. Intralesional cidofovir injection has been shown to be an effective and safe therapy for laryngeal papillomatosis and should be considered in those patients who experienced disease relapse

Herbicidal ionic liquids with 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionate anion

W niniejszej pracy opisano metodologię syntezy nowych herbicydowych cieczy jonowych (HILs) z kationem alkilo[2- (2-hydroksyetoksy)etylo]dimetyloamoniowym oraz anionem 2-(2,4-dichlorofenoksy)propionianowym. Dla otrzymanych związków przebadano wpływ długości łańcucha alkilowego w kationie na szereg właściwości fizykochemicznych takich jak gęstość, lepkość, współczynnik refrakcji czy rozpuszczalność. Ponadto, w badaniach szklarniowych na chwastach komosy białej (Chenopodium album L.) oraz chabra bławatka (Centaurea cyanus L.) określono ich aktywność chwastobójczą. Syntezowane ciecze jonowe wykazywały porównywalną lub wyższą aktywnością biologiczną w porównaniu z herbicydem referencyjnym. Zauważono, że długość podstawnika alkilowego w kationie ma wpływ na redukcję świeżej masy roślin. Najwyższą efektywnością charakteryzowały się sole zawierające podstawnik dodecylowy oraz tetradecylowy.Here we present a synthesis methodology of novel herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) with alkyl[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium cation and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-propionate anion. The effect of the alkyl chain length in the cation on the physicochemical properties such as viscosity, density, refractive index as well as solubility was determined. Additionally, the herbicidal efficacy was tested in greenhouse experiments by using common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) as test plants. The studied HILs exhibited a similar or higher efficacy compared to the reference herbicide. It should be noted that the alkyl chain length in the cation influence on fresh reduction of plants. The salts with dodecyl and tetradecyl substituents were the most effective

Lithostratigraphy of the Pleistocene high meadow terrace of the Lagowica Valley near Mas3owiec (SE part of the Holy Cross Mountains)

The lithostratigraphy of the Pleistocene high meadow terrace deposits in the Łagowica Valley near Masłowiec, southeastern part of the Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland, is presented against the background of geological features and relief of the valley in the Łagów–Ruda segment. The lithostratigraphic divisions for the Holy Cross Mountains assume Middle- Polish Glaciation age for high terraces in valleys. Hypsometry of terraces often served to estimate their age. Detailed sedimentological analysis of deposits forming the terrace of the Łagowica Valley near Masłowiec (textural and structural features, TL and OSL datings) have indicatived a complex fluvial-deluvial origin of the deposits and their Plenivistulian, not Middle Polish Glaciation age. The actual aggradation of the valley bottom has been partly masked by slope processes, which due to local lithostructural conditions, significantly participated in the Łagowica Valley bed aggradation. This problem is well-known in other upland regions of Poland and has been only briefly noted in the Holy Cross Mountains. The research methods and results can be useful in establishing the origins of deposits building meadow terraces, also then when only borecore material is available. The methods can also faciltate stratigraphic interpretation of deposits dated with TL and OSL method

Nutritional and additive uses of chitin and chitosan in the food industry

Chitin is the first polysaccharide identified by man. Chitin and its numerous oligomeric and monomeric, acetylated or deacetylated derivates have many physiological functions and applications. Chitin is found in the cuticles of arthropods and is a major constituent of cell walls from fungal, yeast and algae, from where chitin can be extracted chemically, enzymatically or by fermentation. The principal sources of chitin and chitosan are actually crustacean shells. Worldwide, more than 13.000.000 tons of crustaceans are caught from marine habitats each year, thus generating huge amounts of food waste. The unique biodegradability, biorenewability, biocompatibility, physiological inertness and hydrophilicity of chitin and chitosan make them of high interest for research and industry. In this chapter, we review the use of chitin, chitosan and their oligomers and monomers as food additives. In particular, their use in the regulation of lipid digestion and hypocholesterolemia, their functioning as an antigastritic agent and prebiotic is highlighted. Literature shows that oligomerization and the degree of deacetylation influences the development of chitin/chitosan-based nutraceuticals. The absence of chitinases and chitosanases in the human gut renders those biopolymers resistant to even partial degradation. For food applications, they are used as emulsifying, fining, thickening and stabilizing agents, antioxidants, and low calories food mimetics

Metabolic syndrome is associated with similar long-term prognosis in non-obese and obese patients. An analysis of 45 615 patients from the nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004-2015 cohort studies

Aims We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and long-term all-cause mortality. Methods The LIPIDOGRAM studies were carried out in the primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006 and 2015. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. The cohort was divided into four groups: non-obese patients without MetS, obese patients without MetS, non-obese patients with MetS and obese patients with MetS. Differences in all-cause mortality was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results 45,615 participants were enrolled (mean age 56.3, standard deviation: 11.8 years; 61.7% female). MetS was diagnosed in 14,202 (31%) by NCEP/ATP III criteria, and 17,216 (37.7%) by JIS criteria. Follow-up was available for 44,620 (97.8%, median duration 15.3 years) patients. MetS was associated with increased mortality risk among the obese (hazard ratio, HR: 1.88 [95% CI, 1.79-1.99] and HR: 1.93 [95% CI 1.82-2.04], according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively) and non-obese individuals (HR: 2.11 [95% CI 1.85-2.40] and 1.7 [95% CI, 1.56-1.85] according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria respectively). Obese patients without MetS had a higher mortality risk than non-obese patients without MetS (HR: 1.16 [95% CI 1.10-1.23] and HR: 1.22 [95%CI 1.15-1.30], respectively in subgroups with NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria applied). Conclusions MetS is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in non-obese and obese patients. In patients without MetS obesity remains significantly associated with mortality. The concept of metabolically healthy obesity should be revised