Ars bene vivendi, beateq[ue] moriendi, Gewisse Kunst/ Christlich zu leben/ und selig zu sterben : In einer Christlichen Leichpredigt Aus dem 73. Psalm ... Bey ... Frawen Salome/ Des ... Herrn Wolffgang Grauns/ des Raths allhier ... gewesenen/ vielgeliebten HaußEhre. Welche den 31. tag Maii ... entschlaffen und ... den 3. Iunii ...bestattet worden

Gewiesen und erkläret zu Freybergk in der DomKirchen ... Durch M. Herman Köttner/ Amptspredigern der Kirchen zu S. Petri in FreybergkErscheinungsjahr nach Angaben aus dem Lebenslauf geschätz

Peri-Anthracenethioindigo: a Scaffold for Efficient All-Red-Light and NIR Molecular Photoswitching

Photoswitching with red light is a greatly desired capability to evade photodamage and achieve specific photoresponses. In virtually all cases however, only one switching direction uses red light while for the reverse switching UV or visible light is needed. All-red-light photoswitching brings with it the obvious advantage of pushing photoswitching to the limit of the low-energy spectrum but no viable system is available currently. In this work we report on peri-anthracenethioindigo (PAT) as molecular scaffold for highly efficient all-red-light photoswitching with outstanding performance and property profile. The PAT photoswitch provides NIR absorption up to 850 nm, large negative photochromism with more than 140 nm maxima shifts and changes color from green to blue upon irradiation with two shades of red light. Thermal stability of the metastable Z isomer is high with a corresponding half-life of several days at 20 °C. Application for red-light responsive polymers undergoing pronounced and reversible green to blue color changes is demonstrated evidencing spatially resolved photoswitching. The PAT photoswitch thus offers unique responsiveness to very low energy light together with predictable and large geometrical changes within a rigid molecular scaffold. We expect a plethora of applications for PAT in the near future in all chemistry-related areas

All-Red-Light Photoswitching of Indirubin Controlled by Supramolecular Interactions

Red light responsiveness of photoswitches is a highly desired property for many important application areas such as biology or material sciences. The main approach to elicit this property uses strategic substitution of long known photoswitch motives such as azobenzenes or diarylethenes. Only very few photoswitches possess inherent red-light absorption of their core chromophore structures. Here we present a strategy to convert the long known purple indirubin dye into a prolific red light responsive photoswitch. In a supramolecular approach its photochromism can be changed from a negative to a positive one while at the same time significantly higher yields of the metastable E isomer are obtained. E to Z photoisomerization can then also be induced by red light of longer wavelengths. Indirubin therefore represents a unique example of reversible photoswitching using entirely red light for both switching directions

Temperature field due to a moving heat source in machining orthotropic composites with arbitrary fiber orientation

Milling of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) is challenging with respect to surface integrity and tool wear due to high process temperatures. The maximum temperatures occurring in the workpiece determine the extent of the matrix decomposition area. Improving the workpiece quality therefore requires an understanding of its internal temperature distribution during milling. However, steep temperature gradients and high mechanical stress make measurements of temperature fields in the cutting zone difficult. In addition, thermal properties change depending on the fiber orientation in the case of orthotropic FRP. In this paper, an existing model describing the temperature field for isotropic materials is extended to unidirectional, orthotropic FRP. Here, the thermal impact of an end mill upon the machined surface is represented by a strip-shaped heat source which moves with the feed velocity along a semi-infinite space. Starting with the temperature field of an instantaneous point source, multiple integration steps and a coordinate transformation lead to the temperature field of the moving strip source for orthotropic materials with arbitrary fiber orientation. Using this analytical approach, two-dimensional temperature fields within the workpiece can be calculated for various feed velocities, heat source widths and fiber orientation angles. A cross verification of the analytical solution is successfully carried out by comparing it to a numerical simulation. Furthermore, temperature measurements during end milling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics using thermocouples confirm these results for different fiber orientations. The derived model can be applied to a variety of heat flow problems relevant for orthotropic materials, e.g. other machining technologies

Which business model adaption or innovation in the German biogas sector?

International audienc

Helical milling of bore holes in Ti6Al4V parts produced by selective laser melting with simultaneous support structure removal

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a powder bed based Additive Manufacturing (AM) process that is currently being established in the series production of Ti6Al4V components in the aviation industry. One advantage is the significantly lower Buy-to-Fly ratio. However, subsequent machining is necessary in order to remove support structures of the SLM process and to fulfill quality requirements. Experimental results on support structure removal and simultaneous finishing of holes by helical milling are presented. Engagement conditions in helical milling are strongly influenced by the support structure. Material removal rates in both peripheral and axial direction are calculated and agree well with the variation of measured forces in these directions. In addition, the surface roughness of the machined holes is affected by the support structure design and may change along the hole perimeter. The findings indicate how support structures should be designed in order to obtain high quality bore holes in one machining step.The results of this publication have been achieved in the project ALM2AIR funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy under funding code 20W1501M

Rhodanine-Based Chromophores: Fast Access to Capable Photoswitches and Application in Light-Induced Apoptosis

Molecular photoswitches are highly desirable in all chemistry-related areas of research. They provide effective outside control over geometric and electronic changes at the nanoscale using an easy to control and waste-free stimulus. However, simple and effective access to such molecular tools is typically not granted and elaborate syntheses and substitution schemes are needed in order to obtain efficient photoswitching properties. Here we present a series of rhodanine-based photoswitches that are prepared in one simple synthetic step without requiring elaborate purification. Photoswitching is induced by UV and visible light in both switching directions and thermal stabilities of the metastable states are high. An additional benefit is the hydrogen bonding capacity of the rhodanine fragment, which enables applications in supramolecular or medicinal chemistry. We further show that the known rhodanine-based inhibitor SMI-16a is a photoswitchable apoptosis inducer. The activity of SMI-16a can be switched ON or OFF by reversible photoisomerization between the inactive E and the active Z isomer. Rhodanine-based photoswitches therefore represent an easy to access and highly valuable molecular toolbox for implementing light responsiveness to functional molecular systems

Squaring the Circle: How Framing Influences User Behavior around a Seamless Cylindrical Display

Recent research has presented large public displays in novel non-flat shapes such as spheres, curved planes and cylinders, and looked at the influence of the form factor on user behavior. Yet, the basic shape cannot be considered in isolation when interpreting the behavior of passers-by around such displays. In this paper we investigate two further display factors, framedness and seamlessness, that have to be considered in conjunction with the form factor to understand user behavior in front of large non-flat displays. We present the findings from a field study with an interactive column display and take a closer look at how these factors influence actor and bystander behavior. Our results show that rectangular frames act as a sort of funnel for user position and can easily override effects of the nonflat shape on user position and interaction, even though the users didn’t recall the presence of these frames