EFFECT OF LOCKDOWN ON EDUCATION OF RURAL UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS DURINGCOVID-19 PANDEMIC IN UMARBAN (DHAR), M.P., INDIA

A survey was conducted to assess the impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 on online education of undergraduate learners of government colleges Umarban, district Dhar (454449) Madhya Pradesh, India. An online as well as offline survey was conducted from 10 October 2020 to 15 March 2021 to collect the information. To analyze the possibility and attention of students for online education, various online quizzes were conducted in which a structural questionnaire link using ‘Google form’ was sent to students through WhatsApp. A total of 265 students were taken for the survey. The simple percentage distribution was used to assess the learning status of the study participants. During the lockdown period, around 15.47% of learners were involved in e-learning. Most of the learners were used android mobile for attending e-learning. The present study revealed that around 60% of students were seen to involve in farming during lockdown instead of online classes. In addition to this, 45% of students never joined an online class during the entire session. Further analysis demonstrated that 13% of students do not have their own mobile phone, nearly 18% could not join due to poor internet connectivity, 21% of students faced unfavorable study environment at home and 3% of students have other reasons. This study also showed a comparative analysis of the presence of students before and after the COVID 19 pandemic. As the ratio of presence of students in physical and virtual classrooms was 2.32. The overall results from this study revealed that especially in rural areas COVID – 19 pandemic had affected more adversely on classroom attendance, where people already do not want to give importance to education. Higher education institutions may benefit from these findings while formulating strategies to support students during this pandemic. Moreover, to promote education in COVID 19 era strong strategies are urgently needed

Experimental study of low speed sensorless control of PMSM drive using high frequency signal injection

Conventional techniques for sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive (PMSM), which requires information on rotor position, are reviewed, and recent developments in this area are introduced in this paper along with their inherent advantages and drawbacks. The paper presents an improved method for sensorless speed control of PMSM drive with emphasis placed on signal injection method. This signal injection method examines the control performance of sensorless PMSM drive by injecting signal externally and thereby sensing the rotor position. The main objective of this drive system is to have speed control at standstill and low speed regions. Several tests are carried out to demonstrate the ability of proposed models at different operating conditions with the help of simulation results in Matlab/Simulink environment. Simulation results confirm that the proposed sensorless control approach of PMSM can achieve high performance at standstill and low speeds but not at very high speeds. An experimental setup is implemented using a 1HP surface mounted (SM) PMSM and DsPICDEM^TM MCHV-2 development board, to check the validity of simulation result

Evaluation of who guided pain management protocol in cases of carcinoma cervix

Background: Pain in patients with cancer cervix is a complex process that occurs from many causes. Opioids, the major class of analgesic used in management of moderate to severe pain, are usually effective and have favorable benefit to risk ratio. Morphine is the most effective and commonly used opioid in cancer pain management.Methods: Patients of cancer cervix attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, KRH for a period January 2016 to December 2016. 200 patients were included in the study. Pain intensity was measured by visual analogue scale.Results: Maximum number of subjects were in stage IIB (46%) followed by stage IIIB (42%). Minimum number of subjects were in stage IA and stage IVB. In stage I, 55.6% patients had mild pain, 27.8% had moderate and 16.7% patients had severe pain.  In stage II, carcinoma cervix patients 80.4% patients had moderate pain and only 12% patients had severe pain and stage III, 47.6% patients had severe pain and stage IV all patients had severe pain. Most common site for pain was lower abdomen in carcinoma cervix patients. The pain was recorded as moderate in maximum (49%) subjects followed by severe (39%). Mild pain was seen only in 12% subjects. Maximum response was seen for Step III (95.1%) while minimum for Step II (44.1%).Conclusions: Pain is a common symptom in cancer cervix patients. Morphine is most useful drug in cancer pain management. It is easily titratable and has a favorable benefit to risk ratio

LONG-TERM FOOD RESTRICTION AND DIABECON ADMINISTRATION AMELIORATES ALLOXAN-INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIA, THYROID DYSFUNCTION, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RAT.

Objective: The comparative effects of food restriction (FR), Diabecon treatment (DT) and their combined therapy (FR+DT) were studied in the regulation of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus, alterations in thyroid hormones (TH) and oxidative stress. Methods: Young diabetic rats were either kept on 50% FR and/or DT (2 gm/Kg body weight) for two months and then alterations in serum glucose, insulin, TH concentrations, hepatic glycogen and pancreatic antioxidants along with oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Results: Significantly increased serum glucose, tissue stress markers with decreased TH, hepatic glycogen (P<0.0001 for all) and pancreatic antioxidants (P<0.05-0.001) were observed in diabetic rats. Rats kept on different therapies exhibited significant (P<0.05) improvements than diabetic rats in all studied parameters. FR+DT group showed a significantly more decrease in serum glucose (P<0.05) that FR or DT group, while in other parameters improvement was found to be more or less equally improved in all treated groups. Conclusion: FR appeared to mimic the effects of Diabecon in most of the indices. However, FR+DT appears to be more effective. Possibly both therapies ameliorate diabetes and oxidative stress following some common metabolic pathways

Visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid in early diagnosis of cin and early cervical cancer

Background: The cervix is the commonest site of female genital tract cancer worldwide. Cancer cervix has a long pre-invasive stage, giving an opportunity for its early detection and treatment.Methods: The present study conducted on 400 patients in OPD and Indoor admitted patients during the period of June 2015 to Sept. 2016. Pap's smears were studied and reported according to the Bethesda classification. On next visit patient attended with cytology report and VIA, VILI was performed and then subjected to colposcopy.Results: The mean age of our population and VIA positivity were 38.2 and 36.8 years. Majority of VIA positive cases had white discharge or pain in lower abdomen as their presenting complaints. The majority of patients who were VIA positive either had cervical ectropion or a hypertrophied cervix. 22 cases were positive on Pap smear and 66 cases were positive on VIA. Only 2 cases positive on Pap smear were missed by VIA. VIA is more sensitive than pap smear. 93.33% of cases, positive on colposcopy were detected by VIA testing. VIA is more sensitive and pap smear more specific in screening of cancer cervix sensitivity ratio of VIA with pap smear is 1.55%.Conclusions: VIA is an attractive test in low resource settings like India. It is simple, inexpensive, low technology test that requires minimal infrastructure for use. It is comparable to cytology in detecting low as well as high grade lesions in terms of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value

Feto-maternal outcome in early-term, full-term, late-term and post-term pregnancies at a tertiary centre in India

Background: The risk of perinatal complications does not remain consistent over the 5-week period between 37-42 weeks taken as ‘term pregnancy’. The American college of obstetrics and gynecology (ACOG) has further classified this period into early-term (37-38+6 weeks), Full-term (39-40+6 weeks) and late-term (41-41+6 weeks), besides post-term (>42 weeks). The present study evaluates the feto-maternal outcomes in deliveries at various term gestations as per this new classification in Indian settings. Methods: This is a retrospective record-based study of women delivering at a tertiary care medical college hospital in central India between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2017. Low risk spontaneous deliveries with confirmed gestational age 37 completed weeks or more, with single fetus in vertex presentation were analyzed. Those with incomplete records or complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, heart disease, antepartum hemorrhage, etc. were excluded. Results: Out of 1498 case-records that satisfied the criteria, 722 (48.2%) were early term (ET); 690 (46.1%) were full term (FT); 76 (5%) were late term (LT) and 10 (0.7%) were post term (PT). A significantly higher proportion of women who delivered post-term were from rural area, lacked institutional antenatal care visits and had lesser formal education. Caesarean section (CS) rate was significantly higher in the PT group (60%) compared to the groups ET (40.9%), FT (39.7%), and LT (39.5%). The PT group also had a significantly higher rate of meconium-stained liquor (MSL), APGAR<7 and still birth rate. The maternal and fetal parameters were not significantly different between the ET, FT and LT groups except birth weight (BW). Conclusions: The post-term pregnancies have a higher risk of MSL, still birth, APGAR <7, and delivery by CS. Women with lesser education, those from rural areas and who have not received institutional antenatal care are more likely to report in late and PT. Larger studies in our settings are needed to evaluate and compare the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies delivering at ET, term and PT gestations

Dilepton Production in e−pe^- p and e+e−e^+ e^- Colliders

In an $e^- p$ collider, a striking signature for a dilepton gauge boson is \ep \ ; this cross-section is calculated by using the helicity amplitude technique. At HERA, with center-of-mass energy $\sqrt s = 314 GeV$, a dilepton mass above $150 GeV$ is inaccessible but at LEPII-LHC, with a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt s = 1790 GeV$, masses up to 650 GeV can be discovered. In an $e^+ e^-$ collider, the signature is \ee \ . The cross-sections of this process are also calculated for the center-of-mass energies $\sqrt s = 200, 500$ and $1000 GeV$.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures (not included), IFP-428-UN

INCIDENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN THE URBAN POPULATION OF INDORE, M. P., INDIA

ABSTRACTBackground- The present study determines the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), with special reference to hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia within urban population of a tertiary health care hospital in Indore (Madhya Pradesh), India.Material and method- This cross-sectional study involved 726 subjects (467 men & 259 women). MS was defined using revised National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria.Results- When compared with the modified NCEP criteria, the prevalence of MS was found to be 7.51% (5.99% in men and 8.11% in women). Descriptive analysis exemplified a significantly increased mean values of FBS (P<0.01), PPBS (P<0.01) and lipid values (P<0.05) in the population. However, as compared to man, women showed significant elevated TCHO (P<0.05) and HDL (P<0.01). On the other hand, man exhibited increased TGL (P<0.05), cardiac risk ratio [C/H (P<0.01) and L/H (P<0.01)] than women. The highest prevalence of MS was seen in men of age group of 55-75 yrs and in women of age group of 20-34 yrs.Conclusion- Our test population showed an increased rate of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia, with increase in age, indicating a need to implement policies to control this abnormal MS. Key words- Cardiac risk ratio, diabetes mellitus, fasting blood sugar, metabolic syndrome, serum cholesterolÂ

Description of six new species of the genus Cornudiscoides Kulkarni, 1969 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) from two catfish, Mystus, Scopoli, 1777 and Sperata Holly, 1939, with a note on its biodiversity

The genus Cornudisoides Kulkarni, 1969 is a specialist monogenoid reported from two fish host, Mystus and Sperata. Despite their ecological importance, Cornudiscoides diversity remains unexplored, and the taxonomic description of nominal species is inadequate. The present study was performed to chart the biodiversity of the genus Cornudiscoides and defined the characters to identify their species quickly and efficiently using unambiguous characters. Examination of fish hosts collected from different localities of Uttar Pradesh revealed 12 known and 6 new species of Cornudiscoides. Since the original description of known species lacked some salient features, the present study has redescribed them and added new host records. The new species are described: C. tripathii sp. nov., C. lucknowensis sp. nov., C. speratai sp. nov., C. indicus sp. nov., C. kulkarnii sp. nov. and C. falcatum sp. nov. They have distinct copulatory complexes and vaginal armatures. A detail of the species diversity of Cornudisoides, their type host, new host record type locality, additional localities and major distinguishable characters would be helpful to understand the diversity of these parasites