Nature-Based Tourism Businesses in Colorado: Interpreting Environmental Ethics and Responsible Behavior

Tourism businesses operate from a primarily economic-centric point of view, but nature-based tourism businesses are also acutely aware of the need to sustain the natural resource that attracts the client to their outdoor recreation service. A preliminary qualitative inquiry reveals how nature-based tourism organizations in Colorado view themselves as operating from environmentally ethical positions, what specific actions they take to minimize negative environmental impacts, and how they educate their clients about resource conservation. Findings indicate that too often companies fail to realize opportunities in which they can encourage meaningful bonds between people and nature through the use of education and environmental interpretation. Education is seen more as a means to equip tourists with skills pertaining to a certain sport/activity, rather than as a way to enrich the total experience. Due to the industry’s reliance upon natural resources, a higher level of resource interpretation should be encouraged, promoting natural resource conservation

The Effect of Nonaromatic Naphthalane on Mice Oral Planocellular Carcinoma - a Pilot Study

Nearomatski visokosteranski naftalan (NAVS) posebna je frakcija hrvatske nafte, iznimno bogata steranima, iz koje je odstranjen aromatski sastav. Steranima se pripisuje bioaktivnost slična steroidnim hormonima, modulatorima tumorskoga rasta. Potaknuti rezultatima prijašnjih in vitro i in vivo studija o inhibitornom efektu NAVS-a na rast planocelularnog karcinoma, proveli smo studiju o njegovu učinku na oralni planocelularni karcinom (OPCC) u miševa. Ciljevi: 1) ispitati valjanost jednostavnog eksperimentalnog modela OPCC-a; 2) ispitati mogući antiproliferativni učinak NAVS-a na postavljenome modelu praćenjem tumorskoga rasta; 3) ispitati antineoangiogeni učinak NAVS-a kao objašnjenje mogućeg antiproliferativnog učinka, te za tu prigodu procijeniti mogućnost križne reaktivnosti anti-humanih imunohistokemijskih markera s mišjim tkivom. Suspenzija od 100 μl s 105 SCC VII stanica inokulirana je intraoralnim putem pod bukalnu sluznicu u 48 singeničnih C3H miševa. Sedam dana nakon inokulacije životinje su podijeljene u 6 jednakih skupina, te se miševima, ovisno o skupini, intratumorski injiciralo po 100 μl sljedećih tvari: parafinsko ulje (PO) kao negativna kontrola, NAVS (u jednoj skupini 7 dana, a u drugoj skupini 14 dana nakon inokulacije tumora), 1, 25 dihidroksiergotamin (1,25-D3) kao pozitivna kontrola, te kombinacije NAVS s 1,25-D3 i PO s 1,25-D3. Rast tumora praćen je tjednim mjerenjem s pomoću kalipera. Životinje su žrtvovane 1., 2., 3. i 4. tjedna nakon aplikacije ispitivanoga sredstva. Histološki pripravci eksplantiranih tumora bojeni su hematoksilin-eozinom te imunohistokemijski s anti-CD34 protutijelima radi procjene tumorske neoangiogeneze. U usporedbi s PO skupinom, tumorski rast i angiogeneza bili su sniženi u 1,25-D3 i NAVS skupinama. NAVS vjerojatno smanjuje rast OPCC-a inhibicijom vaskularne proliferacije potrebne za tumorski rast.Nonaromatic naphthalane (NAVS) is a specific fraction of Croatian oil, extremely rich in steranes from which the aromatic system is removed. Steranes are attributed with bioactivity similar to steroid hormones, modulators of tumour growth. Encouraged by the results of earlier in vitro and in vivo studies on the inhibitory effect of NAVS on the growth of planocellular carcinoma, we carried out a study on its effect on oral planocellular carcinoma (OPCC) in mice. Aims: 1) To test the validity of the simple experimental model OPCC, 2) to test possible antiproliferative effect of NAVS on the above model by monitoring tumour growth, 3) to test the antineoangiogenic effect of NAVS to explain the possible antiproliferative effect, and to estimate the possibility of crisis reactivity of anti-human immunohistochemical markers with mice tissue. A suspension of 100 μl s 105 SCC VII cell was inoculated intraorally under the buccal mucous membrane in 48 syngeneic C3H mice. Seven days after inoculation the animals were divided in six equal groups and the mice, depending on the group, were intratumorously injected with 100 μl of the following substances: paraffin oil (PO) as a negative control, NAVS (in one group 7 days, and in the second group 14 days, after inoculation of the tumour), 1.25 dihydroxyergotamine (1.25-D3) as a positive control, and a combination of NAVS with 1.25 D3 and PO with 1.25- D3. Tumour growth was monitored weekly by measuring with callipers. The animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 3 and 4 week after application of the tested substance. Histological specimens of explanted tumours were stained with hematoxylin-eozine, and immunohistochemically with anti-CD34 antibodies for estimation of tumour neoangiogenesis. Compared with the PO group, tumour growth and angiogenesis were decreased in the 1.25-D3 and NAVS groups. NAVS probably reduced growth by OPCC inhibition of vascular proliferation, needed for tumour growth

Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in salad vegetables in Malaysia

The main aim of this study was to combine the techniques of most probable number (MPN) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for quantifying the prevalence and numbers of Campylobacter spp. in ulam, a popular Malaysian salad dish, from a traditional wet market and two modern supermarkets in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 309 samples of raw vegetables which are used in ulam were examined in the study. The prevalences of campylobacters in raw vegetables were, for supermarket I, Campylobacter spp., 51.9%; Campylobacter jejuni, 40.7%; and Campylobacter coli, 35.2%: for supermarket II, Campylobacter spp., 67.7%; C. jejuni, 67.7%; and C. coli, 65.7%: and for the wet market, Campylobacter spp., 29.4%; C. jejuni, 25.5%; and C. coli, 22.6%. In addition Campylobacter fetus was detected in 1.9% of raw vegetables from supermarket I. The maximum numbers of Campylobacter spp. in raw vegetables from supermarkets and the wet market were > 2400 and 460 MPN/g, respectively

The role of text genres offer and authorisation/approval in management communication

The purpose of this paper is to present and analyse text genres offer and authorisation/approval as unilateral text types that are mostly used for communication purposes in tourism and hospitality management. This analysis will show a specific communication model of management. The paper starts with an introduction that leads to argumentation of text within LSP and discusses the text as a tool in management of tourism and hospitality corporations and corporations in general. Further, this paper gives shortly the methodolgy of corpus description and classification of commisives. Unilateral commisives, their function and definition is discussed, and afterwards follows the analysis of text genre offer and authorisation/approval used in corporations and companies. The conclusion gives the main characteristics of unilateral text genres in corporative communication and also gives characteristics of communication models used by management. The corpus for this study includes examples of texts which are used for communication purposes in corporations. Text genres offer and authorisation/approval are characterized as unilateral text subtypes. This paper provides a linguistic analysis of the text and text genres. Every text will be analysed within three levels. Text genres are crucial for gaining success in corporate communication. Depending from the type of corporate ideology and philosophy, text genres offer and authorisation/approval show characteristics on the micro and macro structural level, they show specific vocabulary, grammatical structures and syntax in communication. Communicative function and implementation of communication in written discourse is discussed in this paper. Available sources and references on this topic are based on text linguistics and analysis of general text genres. However, little has been published and no research of text genres used in corporations (as specialized text genres) has been conducted in Croatian so far

Meat molecular detection: sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in species differentiation of meat from animal origin

Three restriction enzymes were used in Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using the mitochondrial cytochrome b region to establish a differential diagnosis which detect and discriminate between three meat species: pork, cow and chicken. DNA was extracted from samples containing meat of a single animal such as raw pork (Sus scrofa domesticus), chicken (Gallus gallus) and cow (Bos taurus) as well as mixed samples of two species of animals in different ratios. The amplified 359 base pairs (bp) portion of the mitochondrial cyt b gene from pure or mixed samples in different ratios was cut using three different restriction enzymes resulting in species specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). This technique proved to be extremely reliable in detecting the presence of low levels of target DNA obtained from a 0.25 mg component in a particular mixed meat sample. This revealed the cyt b region as highly conserved and consequently a good molecular marker for diagnostic studies. Thus, this technique can be applied to food authentication for the identification of different species of animals in food products

RISYWAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF HADIS

Risywah merupakan pemberian hadiah kepada pegawai pemerintahan dengan harapan segala keinginanpenyuap diloloskan kasusnya atas musuhnya di pengadilan. Sesuatu yang didapatkan oleh masyarakatdari seseorang yang mengharapkan manfaat dari masyarakat tersebut, kadang dianggap sebagai suatupemberian yang biasa saja, karena mereka tidak bisa membedakan mana kategori suap dan manapemberian, karena kita sebagai masyarakat awam banyak yang tidak mengerti adanya kasus seperti ini,kita beranggapan ini hanyalah pemberian atau hadiah yang sifatnya sebagai ungkapan rasa terima kasihatas kesediaannya memberikan dukungan kepada calon kepalanya. Padahal antara hadiah dan suap cukupjauh berbeda. Hadis risywah yang yang menjadi fokus pembahasan dalam penelitian ini berkualitasshahih. Dengan demikian hadis tersebut dapat diterima dan dijadikan dalil. Pemberian yang dibolehkandalam Islam adalah berbentuk hibah. Pada dasarnya hukum transaksi muamalah lainnya bahwa hibahadalah perkara mubah jika selama dalam bentuknya tidak melanggar apa yang disebutkan Allah Swt danRasulnya tentang pelanggaran yang menyerupai risywah

HACEK endocarditis complicated by pancreatitis after antibiotic therapy

HACEK (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter spp., Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae) endocarditis (HE) is a relatively rare disease with an excellent prognosis and simple management if the organism is properly identified. Administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy in this case led to an excellent resolution of HE but also to a rare complication – acute pancreatitis

Uloga regulatornih T limfocita u imunosnoj kontroli MC-2 fibrosarkoma

The role of T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) particularly in cancer is well known. The goal of the present study was to determine the contribution of these lymphocytes in the regulation of anti-tumor immunity of CBA/HZgr mice against MC-2 fibrosarcoma (4th generation of methylcholanthrene induced tumor). The levels of T lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+CD25+) were determined 8 and 20 days after tumor transplantation. Further, the role of CD4+CD25+ (Tregs) in tumor-host interaction was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by using specific monoclonal antibodies. We found that splenocytes of both control and Treg depleted tumor bearing mice strongly but differently inhibited growth of tumor cells in vitro. While splenocytes of untreated mice exhibited significant decrease of this activity (from 74.4% to 62.6% and 32.95%), the splenocytes of Treg depleted mice showed increase of this activity (from 79.5% to 84.3% and 86.2%) from day 6 to day 13 and day 21 after tumor grafting, respectively. Further, upon i.v. injecting specific monoclonal anti-Treg antibody tumor immediately prior to tumor cell intracutaneous transplantation, the tumor was rejected after initial growth. In treated mice, the incidence of Treg cells was very low initially, reaching normal values two weeks later. These animals were shown to be resistant to tumor transplantation four months later.Uloga T regulatornih limfocita dobro je poznata, osobito kod tumora. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi doprinos ovih limfocita u regulaciji antitumorske imunosti CBA/HZgr miševa protiv MC-2 fibrosarkoma (4. generacija metilkolantrenom izazvanog tumora). Razine T limfocita (CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+CD25+) određivale su se 8 i 20 dana nakon transplantacije tumora. Nadalje, uloga CD4+CD25+ T limfocita (Treg) u interakciji tumora i domaćina procijenjena je in vitro i in vivo primjenom specifičnih monoklonskih protutijela. Utvrdili smo da splenociti kako kontrolnih miševa tako i miševa s tumorom bez Treg snažno, ali različito suzbijaju rast tumorskih stanica in vitro. Dok su splenociti netretiranih miševa pokazivali značajno smanjenje ove aktivnosti (sa 74,4% na 62,6% i 32,95%), splenociti miševa bez Treg pokazivali su porast ove aktivnosti (sa 79,5% na 84,3% i 86,2%) od 6. do 13. i 21. dana nakon transplantacije tumora. Uz to, nakon i.v. injektiranja specifičnog monoklonskog anti-Treg tumorskog protutijela neposredno prije intrakutane transplantacije tumorskih stanica, nakon početkog rasta nastupilo je odbacivanje tumora. Kod tretiranih miševa incidencija Treg stanica bila u početku vrlo niska i dostigla je normalne vrijednosti dva tjedna kasnije. Nakon četiri mjeseca pokazalo se da su ove životinje otporne na transplantaciju tumora

Croatia as a virtual tourist destination: A linguistic and sentiment analysis

Purpose - Nowadays the virtual access to remote destinations through the use of different platforms has created a new profile of users: the virtual tourists. The question that arises by the emerging of such a new profile of tourist is whether the current structure of Web sites and the adopted communication strategies are adequate to meet the requirements of this type of users. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the texts that are used to construct a particular image for Croatia as a tourist destination through the analysis of two websites: https://croatia.hr/en-GB, the official Croatian Tourism website, in its English version, and https://www.europeanbestdestinations.com/destinations/search#q=croatia, a website maintained by an European organisation aimed to promote culture and tourism in Europe which lists Croatia among the suggested best destinations.Methodology - In our study, two different approaches were combined in a multi-method analysis of the websites. A qualitative analysis within the framework of Discourse Analysis evaluated the linguistic resources used and communicative strategies adopted to promote Croatia. Text linguistic analysis provided data about the language of the selected websites, mostly on its morphology, syntax and lexis which is of great importance for a virtual tourist to situate a virtual text within a cognitive frame.A quantitative analysis (using AntConc tool) focused upon the frequency and distribution of words in the texts provided further insight and integrated the information value of the results produced by qualitative research. Finally, a sentiment analysis of the contents of the selected websites, and of the general feelings generated on the web by events, news and advertising, using open source tools was performed.Findings - Through our research several outputs concerning the qualitative linguistics, quantitative and sentiment analysis of the website texts (evaluative terms, positive, negative or neutral sentiments) were obtained. While in industry sentiment analysis is commonly used, in academia it represents an important and innovative aspect.Contribution - The preliminary results of our research will open up opportunities for future research and practical implications of the results gained that will be implemented in the creation of tourism websites evoking positive sentiments