Management, Design, Reliability

This paper proposes an effective Web services (WS) transaction management framework to automatically manage inconsistencies occurred by relaxing isolation of WS transactions. Categories and Subject Descriptor

Following the DNA Ligation of a Single Duplex Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Nick-sealing of a single DNA duplex was studied with the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM). To form a nick between a 47mer DNA and a 24mer DNA, the complementary 71mer template DNA immobilized on an AFM tip was hybridized with the 47mer DNA and brought into contact with the 24mer DNA on a substrate surface. The AFM tip and substrate surface were modified with dendron molecules to ensure the formation of a single DNA duplex. When a single nick in the DNA duplex was sealed by DNA ligase during a pause, an increase in the unbinding force was observed after the pause. The change from 24.0 +/- 4.4 piconewtons (pN) to 62.8 +/- 14.6 pN matched well with the resulting DNA length (71 bp). Additionally, a 30 s pause showed a 3-fold higher nick-sealing probability (60%) than a 10 s pause, while the probability did not increase with a 120 s pause. In the presence of free 47mer DNAs in solution, the single nick-sealing event could be repeated at other positions.X11109sciescopu

A Study on Re-Engagement and Stabilization Time on Take-Over Transition in a Highly Automated Driving System

In the case of level 3 automated vehicles, in order to safely and quickly transfer control authority rights to manual driving, it is necessary that a study be conducted on the characteristics of human factors affecting the transition of manual driving. In this study, we conducted three experiments to compare the characteristics of human factors that influence the driver’s quality of response when re-engaging and stabilizing manual driving. The three experiments were conducted sequentially by dividing them into a normal driving situation, an obstacle occurrence situation in front, and an obstacle and congestion on surrounding roads. We performed a statistical analysis and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis using experimental data. We found that as the number of trials increased, there was a learning effect that shortened re-engagement times and increased the proportion of drivers with good response times. We found that the stabilization time increased as the experiment progressed, as obstacles appeared in front and traffic density increased in the surrounding lanes. The results of the analysis are useful for vehicle developers designing safer human–machine interfaces and for governments developing guidelines for automated driving systems

Non-Destructive Detection of Bone Fragments Embedded in Meat Using Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging Technique

Meat consumption has shifted from a quantitative to a qualitative growth stage due to improved living standards and economic development. Recently, consumers have paid attention to quality and safety in their decision to purchase meat. However, foreign substances which are not normal food ingredients are unintentionally incorporated into meat. These should be eliminated as a hazard to quality or safety. It is important to find a fast, non-destructive, and accurate detection technique of foreign substance in the meat processing industry. Hyperspectral imaging technology has been regarded as a novel technology capable of providing large-scale imaging and continuous observation information on agricultural products and food. In this study, we considered the feasibility of the short-wave near infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral reflectance imaging technique to detect bone fragments embedded in chicken meat. De-boned chicken breast samples with thicknesses of 3, 6, and 9-mm and 5 bone fragments with lengths of about 20–30-mm are used for this experiment. The reflectance spectra (in the wavelength range from 987 to 1701-nm) of the 5 bone fragments embedded under the chicken breast fillet are collected. Our results suggested that these hyperspectral imaging technique is able to detect bone fragments in chicken breast, particularly with the use of a subtraction image (corresponding to image at 1153.8-nm and 1480.2-nm). Thus, the SWIR hyperspectral reflectance imaging technique can be potentially used to detect foreign substance embedded in meat

Maintaining Consistency Under Isolation Relaxation of Web Services Transactions

Abstract. For efficiently managing Web Services (WS) transactions which are executed across multiple loosely-coupled autonomous organizations, isolation is commonly relaxed. A Web services operation of a transaction releases locks on its resources once its jobs are completed without waiting for the completions of other operations. However, those early unlocked resources can be seen by other transac-tions, which can spoil data integrity and causes incorrect outcomes. Existing WS transaction standards do not consider this problem. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to ensure the consistent executions of isolation-relaxing WS transac-tions. The mechanism effectively detects inconsistent states of transactions with a notion of a completion dependency and recovers them to consistent states. We also propose a new Web services Transaction Dependency management Protocol (WTDP). WTDP helps organizations manage the WS transactions easily without data inconsistency. WTDP is designed to be compliant with a representative WS transaction standard, the Web Services Transactions specifications, for easy inte-gration into existing WS transaction systems. We prototyped a WTDP-based WS transaction management system to validate our protocol.