Use of weak ion association in the separation of inorganic anions by capillary electrophoresis with specific application to simultaneous-trace determination of bromate and iodate in drinking water

In this work weak ion association was used to effect selectivity and detection of inorganic anions with environmental or health significance by capillary electropheresis, CE. Tetrabutylammonium ion was used as a pairing anion to separate mixtures containing closely or co-migrating inorganic anions at pHs 3.8 and pH 7. Despite taking a longer analysis time, better resolution is achieved at pH 7 than 3.8. Trace level of bromate and iodate present in drinking water were determined after online pre-concentration by field enhanced sample injection (FESI) technique. Consequently an internal standard (SCN-) was employed, which entailed the use of tetrabutylammonium ion as a pairing cation to resolve the internal standard from a co-migrating broad peak. The LODs (S/N = 3) were 7.8 x 10-10 M (10 ppb) and 1.2 x 10-9 M (0.21 ppb) for bromate and iodate, respectively. The method was subsequently used to determine bromate and iodate levels in drinking water.  KEY WORDS: Weak ion association, Selectivity, Capillary electrophoresis, Tetrabutylammonium ion, Bromate, Iodate, Drinking water  Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2008, 22(1), 1-9

Rapid determination of multidrug resistance-associated protein in cancer cells by capillary electrophoresis immunoassay

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding-cassette (ABC) transporters are a superfamily of cellular proteins that have been partly implicated as a cause of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. The ABC superfamily consists of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) and breast cancer-related proteins, of which MRP is of particular interest because of its ability to efflux a broader range of substrates. Since MRP1 is the most prominent member of the MRP family, a simple technique is needed for its quantification. We developed a simple, fast (total analysis time of 3 h) capillary electrophoresis immunoassay (CEIA) for the quantification of MRP1 in cancer cells. MRP1 antibody was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The labeled antibody was incubated with the cell lysate for a fixed interval (1 h), after which the cell lysate mixture was directly injected into the capillary to separate the complex of MRP1 and its antibody from free antibody. The noncompetitive CEIA method had a limit of detection of 0.2 nM and a good linear range (1.7-14.9 x 10(4) cells), and was fairly reproducible (RSD < 10%). The results showed that two cell lines. A549 and RDES, expressed MRP1 in the absence of doxorubicin (DOX), with A549 registering a higher expression. Compared to DOX-free cancer cells, there was an acceleration of MRP1 expression during the 12 h-exposure to DOX, after which the level of expression remained nearly constant as the intracellular accumulation of DOX decreased. The results obtained in this work indicate that the developed CEIA method is useful for relative quantification of MRPs in cancer cells

Capillary zone electrophoretic studies of ion association between inorganic anions and tetraalkylammonium ions in aqueous-dioxane media

Ion association between inorganic anions and symmetrical tetraalkylammonium ions, R4N+ (R = Me, Et, Pr, n-Bu, n-Am, and 2-methyl butyl {isoamyl = iAm}) was investigated using ordinary silica capillary by capillary zone electrophoresis. An improved version of the Williams-Vigh method was used for the first time to measure the mobilities of the inorganic anions. Plots of log K-ass against log dielectric constant in various media, revealed a smaller change in K-ass compared to dielectric constant. These plots suggest that the Bjerrum's equation is inadequate in accounting for the associations of ions in a CZE setup. </p

Capillary zone electrophoretic studies of ion association between inorganic anions and tetraalkylammonium ions in aqueous-dioxane media Capillary zone electrophoretic studies of ion association between inorganic anions and tetraalkylammonium ions in aqueo

Abstract Ion association between inorganic anions and symmetrical tetraalkylammonium ions, R 4 N + (R = Me, Et, Pr, n-Bu, n-Am, and 2-methyl butyl {isoamyl=iAm}) was investigated using ordinary silica capillary by capillary zone electrophoresis. An improved version of the Williams-Vigh method was used for the first time to measure the mobilities of the inorganic anions. Plots of log K ass against log dielectric constant in various media, revealed a smaller change in K ass compared to dielectric constant. These plots suggest that the Bjerrum&apos;s equation is inadequate in accounting for the associations of ions in a CZE setup

Rapid determination of multidrug resistance-associated protein in cancer cells by capillary electrophoresis immunoassay

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding-cassette (ABC) transporters are a superfamily of cellular proteins that have been partly implicated as a cause of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. The ABC superfamily consists of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) and breast cancer-related proteins, of which MRP is of particular interest because of its ability to efflux a broader range of substrates. Since MRP1 is the most prominent member of the MRP family, a simple technique is needed for its quantification. We developed a simple, fast (total analysis time of 3 h) capillary electrophoresis immunoassay (CEIA) for the quantification of MRP1 in cancer cells. MRP1 antibody was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The labeled antibody was incubated with the cell lysate for a fixed interval (1 h), after which the cell lysate mixture was directly injected into the capillary to separate the complex of MRP1 and its antibody from free antibody. The noncompetitive CEIA method had a limit of detection of 0.2 nM and a good linear range (1.7-14.9 x 10(4) cells), and was fairly reproducible (RSD < 10%). The results showed that two cell lines. A549 and RDES, expressed MRP1 in the absence of doxorubicin (DOX), with A549 registering a higher expression. Compared to DOX-free cancer cells, there was an acceleration of MRP1 expression during the 12 h-exposure to DOX, after which the level of expression remained nearly constant as the intracellular accumulation of DOX decreased. The results obtained in this work indicate that the developed CEIA method is useful for relative quantification of MRPs in cancer cells