Intravascular Fluorescence lifetime characterization of Atherosclerosis

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) provides a biochemical signature of tissue based on autofluorescence properties. Here, we developed an integrated FLIm-IVUS imaging catheter system, suitable for the interrogation of coronary arteries in vivo. This includes adapting a pulse sampling acquisition scheme to enable co-registered FLIm-IVUS acquisition and designing, fabricating and testing a motor drive unit and low profile FLIm-IVUS catheter. The ability of this instrument to acquire robust FLIm data in coronary arteries in vivo using conventional percutaneous coronary intervention techniques was evaluated in swine model. Imaging of ex vivo human samples confirmed the benefit of additional accurately co-registered spectroscopic data to IVUS for improved lesion characterization. Optimization of optical and mechanical performance of the catheter was achieved with the development of a monolithic freeform reflective optics that enables improvements in collection efficiency, and lateral resolution in a compact, fluorescence background free element [P2]. Finally, a pilot comparative imaging study of ex vivo human artery samples was performed using the pulse sampling FLIm data acquisition technique, combined with Raman spectroscopy, by means of a bimodal forward-viewing optical probe. Methods were developed for the automated analysis of FLIm contrast sources using Raman spectroscopy data. The development of dedicated intravascular instrumentation combined with further understanding of the information provided by FLIm will improve the relevance of FLIm as a practical tool for the investigation of atherosclerosis. Future work will focus on regulatory activities to enable studies in human subjects, where the ability of FLIm to provide the biochemical signature of lesions in vivo may be leveraged to improve understanding of the disease natural history, develop new drugs, and possibly be used in clinical settings to improve patient treatment

Autofluorescence lifetime augmented reality as a means for real-time robotic surgery guidance in human patients

Due to loss of tactile feedback the assessment of tumor margins during robotic surgery is based only on visual inspection, which is neither significantly sensitive nor specific. Here we demonstrate time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) as a novel technique to complement the visual inspection of oral cancers during transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in real-time and without the need for exogenous contrast agents. TRFS enables identification of cancerous tissue by its distinct autofluorescence signature that is associated with the alteration of tissue structure and biochemical profile. A prototype TRFS instrument was integrated synergistically with the da Vinci Surgical robot and the combined system was validated in swine and human patients. Label-free and real-time assessment and visualization of tissue biochemical features during robotic surgery procedure, as demonstrated here, not only has the potential to improve the intraoperative decision making during TORS but also other robotic procedures without modification of conventional clinical protocols

AI for social good: unlocking the opportunity for positive impact

Advances in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) present an opportunity to build better tools and solutions to help address some of the world’s most pressing challenges, and deliver positive social impact in accordance with the priorities outlined in the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The AI for Social Good (AI4SG) movement aims to establish interdisciplinary partnerships centred around AI applications towards SDGs. We provide a set of guidelines for establishing successful long-term collaborations between AI researchers and application-domain experts, relate them to existing AI4SG projects and identify key opportunities for future AI applications targeted towards social good

Diagnostic précoce du cancer bronchique (intérêt de l'endoscopie bronchique en autofluorescence)

Dans les pays industrialisés, le cancer bronchique est la première cause mortalité par cancer. Ce mauvais pronostic est lié à une découverte tardive de la maladie empêchant toute attitude chirurgicale améliorant la survie. Parmi les méthodes détection précoce du cancer bronchique, l'endoscopie bronchique en autofluorescence permet une évaluation précise de la muqueuse bronchique. Cette technique a démontré sa supériorité dans le diagnostic de lésions précancereuses et cancéreuses à un stade précoce. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer l'apport de l'endoscopie bronchique par autofluorescence sur un site hospitalier durant une année afin de l'intégrer dans le diagnostic, l'évaluation et la thérapeutique en oncologie thoraciqueAIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Les infections urinaires en gériatrie

MONTPELLIER-BU Pharmacie (341722105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Contribution à l'étude de la suture osseuse dans les fractures de la clavicule

Thèse : Médecine : Université de Bordeaux : 1895N° d'ordre : 1

Broadband, freeform focusing micro-optics for a side-viewing imaging catheter.

Successful implementation of a catheter-based imaging system relies on the integration of high-performance miniaturized distal end optics. Typically, compensation of chromatic dispersion, as well as astigmatism introduced by the device's sheath, can be addressed only by combining multiple optical elements, adversely impacting size and manufacturability. Here, we present a 300×300×800  μm3 monolithic optic that provides high optical performances over an extended wavelength range (near UV-visible-IR) with minimal chromatic aberrations. The design of the optic, fully optimized using standard optical simulation tools, provides the ability to freely determine aperture and working distance. Manufacturing is cost effective and suited for prototyping and production alike. The experimental characterization of the optic demonstrates a good match with simulation results and performances well suited to both optical coherence tomography and fluorescence imaging, thus paving the way for high-performance multimodal endoscopy systems