Arabidopsis thaliana is able to sense tomato Systemin promoting defense against fungal pathogens

Pòster presentat al Symposium on Small Molecules in Plant Research: Chemistry and Biology Come Together (Valencia, Spain, 10-11 December 2019).Systemin is a small tomato peptide that regulates the plant response against herbivores and pathogenic fungi. It is released from a larger precursor upon wounding or pathogen attack and binds to a membrane receptor of the adjacent cell inducing a cascade of plant defences, including JA-related responses, that lead to the accumulation of protease inhibitors in local and systemic tissue. Although the tomato Systemin has been the focus of many recent studies, very little is known about the perception and function of Systemin in heterologous species

Small Signals Lead to Big Changes: The Potential of Peptide-Induced Resistance in Plants

The plant immunity system is being revisited more and more and new elements and roles are attributed to participating in the response to biotic stress. The new terminology is also applied in an attempt to identify different players in the whole scenario of immunity: Phytocytokines are one of those elements that are gaining more attention due to the characteristics of processing and perception, showing they are part of a big family of compounds that can amplify the immune response. This review aims to highlight the latest findings on the role of phytocytokines in the whole immune response to biotic stress, including basal and adaptive immunity, and expose the complexity of their action in plant perception and signaling events

Estudio previo y propuesta de intervención en la Iglesia Parroquial de Nuestra Señora de la Natividad, en Tejadillos (Cuenca)

[ES] Este Trabajo de fin de grado de Arquitectura Técnica ha consistido en la realización de los estudios previos y la propuesta de intervención para la Iglesia Parroquial de Nuestra Señora de la Natividad de Tejadillos. Se han analizado las fases constructivas y períodos en los que el edificio haya podido sufrir modificaciones. Se han realizado visitas al interior del inmueble para recopilar los datos que han sido de ayuda para realizar este trabajo.Posteriormente y dado que el inmueble presenta un mayor número y concentración de lesiones en la zona de la cubierta y en su estructura portante, se ha realizado un cálculo de refuerzo estructural de dicha cubierta.[EN] This final project of Technical Architecture degree has consisted in the realization of the previous studies and the intervention proposal for the Parish Church of Our Lady of the Nativity of Tejadillos. The construction phases and periods in which the building has undergone modifications have been analyzed. Visits have been made to the interior of the property to collect data that has been helpful to perform this work. Subsequently, given that the property presents a greater number and concentration of injuries in the area of the roof and its load-bearing structure, a structural reinforcement calculation has been carried out.Soriano Pastor, J. (2018). Estudio previo y propuesta de intervención en la Iglesia Parroquial de Nuestra Señora de la Natividad, en Tejadillos (Cuenca). http://hdl.handle.net/10251/110849TFG

Genetic mechanisms of mir against a necrotrophic fungus and crosstalk with an abiotic stress

Treball de Final de Grau en Enginyeria Agroalimentària i del Medi Rural. Codi: AG1042. Curs acadèmic 2015-2016Nowadays, social warning for the natural environment is increasing and the use of agrochemicals in crop management is being reduced due to pollution and health issues and they are becoming less accepted by the sociality. For this reason, many researches are addressed to look for more environmental friendly alternatives. One interesting alternative that is being investigating lately is the use of beneficial microorganisms, like mycorrhiza fungi, in crop management and crop protection. Mycorrhiza are soil fungi that form symbiotic associations with plants roots worldwide, providing the plant a better nutrition as well as a more efficient response against different challenges. In this research study, we analysed the impact on tomato plants of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rizophagus irregularis from a genetic point of view, against two different stresses. On the one hand, an abiotic stress that consisted on the subjection of the plants to a transient N starvation. On the other hand, plants faced a biotic stress, an infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The combination of both stresses have also been studied. To do that we carried out an analysis of some genes expression in the plant leaves involved in plant defense and in nitrate uptake and signalling

Role and mechanisms of callose priming in mycorrhiza-induced resistance

Mycorrhizal plants display enhanced resistance to several pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR) are still elusive. We aim to study the mechanisms underlying MIR against Botrytis cinerea and the role of callose accumulation during this process. Mycorrhizal tomato plants inoculated with Rhizoglomus irregularis displayed callose priming upon B. cinerea infection. The callose inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose abolished MIR, confirming the relevance of callose in the bioprotection phenomena. While studying the mechanisms underlying mycorrhiza-induced callose priming, we found that mycorrhizal plants display an enhanced starch degradation rate that is correlated with increased levels of β-amylase1 transcripts following pathogen infection. Starch mobilization in mycorrhizal plants seems coordinated with the increased transcription of sugar transporter and invertase genes. Moreover, the expression levels of genes encoding the vesicular trafficking proteins ATL31 and SYP121 and callose synthase PMR4 were higher in the mycorrhizal plants and further boosted by subsequent pathogen infection. All these proteins play a key role in the priming of callose accumulation in Arabidopsis, suggesting that callose priming is an induced resistance mechanism conserved in different plant species. This evidence highlights the importance of sugar mobilization and vesicular trafficking in the priming of callose as a defence mechanism in mycorrhiza-induced resistance

Accumulating evidences of callose priming by indole- 3- carboxylic acid in response to Plectospharella cucumerina

Indole-3-carboxylic acid (I3CA) is an indolic compound that induces resistance in Arabidopsis adult plants against the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina through primed callose accumulation. In this study, we confirm the relevance of ATL31 and SYP121 genes involved in vesicular trafficking in I3CA priming of defenses and we discard camalexin as a mediator of I3CA-induced resistance (IR) in adult plants. In addition, we observed that an intact I3CA biosynthetic pathway is necessary for I3CA-IR functionality

Arabidopsis Plants Sense Non-self Peptides to Promote Resistance Against Plectosphaerella cucumerina

Peptides are important regulators that participate in the modulation of almost every physiological event in plants, including defense. Recently, many of these peptides have been described as defense elicitors, termed phytocytokines, that are released upon pest or pathogen attack, triggering an amplification of plant defenses. However, little is known about peptides sensing and inducing resistance activities in heterologous plants. In the present study, exogenous peptides from solanaceous species, Systemins and HypSys, are sensed and induce resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina in the taxonomically distant species Arabidopsis thaliana. Surprisingly, other peptides from closer taxonomic clades have very little or no effect on plant protection. In vitro bioassays showed that the studied peptides do not have direct antifungal activities, suggesting that they protect the plant through the promotion of the plant immune system. Interestingly, tomato Systemin was able to induce resistance at very low concentrations (0.1 and 1 nM) and displays a maximum threshold being ineffective above at higher concentrations. Here, we show evidence of the possible involvement of the JA-signaling pathway in the Systemin-Induced Resistance (Sys-IR) in Arabidopsis. Additionally, Systemin treated plants display enhanced BAK1 and BIK1 gene expression following infection as well as increased production of ROS after PAMP treatment suggesting that Systemin sensitizes Arabidopsis perception to pathogens and PAMPs