Folate production and fol genes expression by the dairy starter culture Streptococcus thermophilus CRL803 in free and controlled pH batch fermentations

Folate production by Streptococcus thermophilus CRL 803 was examined during batch fermentations without pH control and at constant pH (6.0 and 5.0) at different incubation temperatures. Folate production was higher at 42 °C under both constant and non-constant pH fermentation conditions, the increase being more pronounced at constant pH 6.0. Folate production by S. thermophilus CRL 803 under different fermentation conditions was cell-growth-associated. These observations were supported by analysis at the transcriptional levels of fol genes in controlled pH of 6.0 and uncontrolled pH batch culture. At pH 6.0, the highest relative expression levels of folE, folQ, folK and folP genes (involved in de novo synthesis) were observed after 6 h of incubation. This is the first study on the expression of fol mRNA and their relation with folate synthesis by S. thermophilus, which is influenced by culture conditions.Fil: Laiño, Jonathan Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Juarez del Valle, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentin

Riboflavin producing lactic acid bacteria as a biotechnological strategy to obtain bio-enriched soymilk

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) plays an important role in cellular metabolism participating in numerous oxidation–reduction reactions and energy usage. In this work, lactic acid bacteria that can produce vitamin B2 in soymilk were identified from 179 strains tested that were previously isolated from a wide range of food products. Only 42 strains were able to grow in a commercial riboflavin-free medium after which the concentration of this vitamin was determined by HPLC. Five of these strains were pre-selected for their capacity to produce elevated concentrations of riboflavin. Thesewere then inoculated in soymilk to evaluate their capacity to growin this food matrix and increase its lowriboflavin concentrations. Only the strain Lactobacillus plantarumCRL 725 was able to significantly increase the initial concentration of riboflavin in soy milk from 309 ± 9 ng/mL to 700 ± 20 ng/mL after 12 h of incubation at 37 °C. Roseoflavin resistant variants of this strain were obtained and evaluated in soymilk. One of the variant strains increased 6 times (1860 ± 20 ng/mL) the initial riboflavin levels of soy milk. Roseoflavin-resistant strains capable of synthesizing riboflavin in soymilk constitute an interesting and economically feasible biotechnology strategy that could be easily adapted by the food industry to develop novel vitamin-bioenriched functional foods with enhanced consumer appeal.Fil: Juarez del Valle, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Laiño, Jonathan Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin

Development of a high folate concentration yogurt naturally bio-enriched using selected lactic acid bacteria

Folate concentrations in yogurts vary widely and are normally considered low due to an inadequate selection of starter cultures and fermentation conditions. In this study, folate producing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (3 strains) and Streptococcus thermophilus (2 strains) were combined and used to elaborate 15 different yogurts. Samples were taken at different time points during the fermentation process and folate concentrations were determined. The yogurt elaborated with strains CRL871 plus CRL803 plus CRL415 and incubated at 42°C had significantly higher folate concentration (reaching 180 mg/L) which implies almost a 250% increase in respect to non-fermented milk, and about 125% compared to commercial yogurts. No variations in folate concentration were observed during 28 days of storage at 4 °C. This is the first report of a yogurt naturally bio-enriched in folate using native folate producing starter cultures.Fil: Laiño, Jonathan Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); ArgentinaFil: Juarez del Valle, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); ArgentinaFil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología; ArgentinaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Investigacion. Catedra de Metodologia de la Invest.cientifica; Argentin

Applicability of a Lactobacillus amylovorus strain as co-culture for natural folate bio-enrichment of fermented milk

The ability of 55 strains from different Lactobacillus species to produce folate was investigated. In order to evaluate folic acid productivity, lactobacilli were cultivated in the folate-free culture medium (FACM). Most of the tested strains needed folate for growth. The production and the extent of vitamin accumulation were distinctive features of individual strains. Lactobacillus amylovorus CRL887 was selected for further studies because of its ability to produce significantly higher concentrations of vitamin (81.2 ± 5.4. μg/L). The safety of this newly identified folate producing strain was evaluated through healthy experimental mice. No bacterial translocation was detected in liver and spleen after consumption of CRL887 during 7 days and no undesirable side effects were observed in the animals that received this strain. This strain in co-culture with previously selected folate producing starter cultures (Lactobacillus bulgaricus CRL871, and Streptococcus thermophilus CRL803 and CRL415) yielded a yogurt containing high folate concentrations (263.1 ± 2.4. μg/L); a single portion of which would provide 15% of the recommended dietary allowance. This is the first report where a Lactobacillus amylovorus strain was successfully used as co-culture for natural folate bio-enrichment of fermented milk.Fil: Laiño, Jonathan Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Juarez del Valle, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin

Effect of heat treatment on folate concentration in a B9 naturally bio-enriched yogurts

The aim of this work was to study the effect of heat treatment on folate concentration and stability in a B9 naturally bio-enriched yogurt. 3 yogurts were elaborated using B9 producing strains: L. bulgaricus CRL863 & CRL871 and S. thermophilus CRL803 & CRL415. After elaboration, they were heated 3 times at 80ºC for 30 min. After treatment, they were stored at 4ºC. The following were evaluated: a) folate production; b) acidity (pH); c) protein concentration & d) cellular viability (Log CFU/mL). Results: Highest levels of folate were reached after yogurt elaboration. Yogurt B (CRL871 + CRL803 + CRL415) showed the highest folate levels (223.53 ± 2.75 μg/L). In general, pH was about 4.75 and protein concentration ranged from 0.17 to 0.24 g/dL. After heat treatment, only yogurt B had the same folate values (about 220 μg/L). pH and protein levels were not modifi ed by heat. Conclusion: out of the 3 yogurts tested, only B showed folate values 3 times higher than a commercial yogurt. After heat treatment, folate concentration decreased 40% in yogurts A & C, but remained constant in B. It is possible to elaborate and apply heat treatment to yogurts in order to increase their microbiological safety, with no loss of vitamin, depending on the strains used.Fil: Laiño, Jonathan Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Juarez del Valle, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaXXIX Jornadas Científicas de la Asociación de Biología de TucumánHorco MolleArgentinaAsociación de Biología de Tucumá

Milk fermented with selected strains of lactic acid bacteria is able to improve folate status of deficient rodents and also prevent folate deficiency

Folate deficiencies are common in many parts of the world. The use of folate producing food grade microorganisms has been proposed as a more natural alternative to fortification with the chemical folic acid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel fermented milk elaborated with adequately selected folate producing lactic acid bacteria. This product was tested using both a rodent depletion-repletion model and a complete deficient model. The folate bio-enriched fermented milk was able to increase plasma folate concentrations and decrease homocysteine levels. This is the first report demonstrating that a naturally folate bio-enriched fermented milk, elaborated with folate-producing starter cultures, not only is effective to improve folate status but can also prevent folate deficiency. Consumers also would obviously benefit from this type of product because they could increase their folate intakes while consuming foods that form part of their normal diets.Fil: Laiño, Jonathan Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Zelaya, María Hortensia del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Juarez del Valle, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentin

Soyamilk fermented with riboflavin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 2130 reverts and prevents ariboflavinosis in murine models

It has been previously shown that Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 2130 is able to produce riboflavin in soyamilk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of this riboflavin-bio-enriched soyamilk to revert and/or prevent the nutritional deficiency of riboflavin using different animal models. When used to supplement the diets of previously depleted animals, it was shown that the growth, riboflavin status and morphology of the small intestines reverted to normal parameters and were similar to animals supplemented with commercial riboflavin. In the prevention model, the same tendency was observed, where animals that received soyamilk fermented with L. plantarum CRL 2130 did not show signs of riboflavin deficiency. This new bio-fortified soya-based product could be used as part of normal diets to provide a more natural alternative to mandatory fortification with riboflavin for the prevention of its deficiency.Fil: Juarez del Valle, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Laiño, Jonathan Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin

Chapter 17 - B-group vitamins production by probiotic lactic acid bacteria

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a heterogeneous group of microorganisms that have a long history of use as starter cultures for the elaboration of fermented foods because these industrially important bacteria can improve the safety, shelf-life, nutritional value, flavor, and overall quality of fermented products. In addition, LAB have been shown to exert a large range of beneficial properties, which is why they are frequently used as probiotic microorganisms in a variety of novel products. In 2002, the Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) defined probiotics as "live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a beneficial health effect on the host" The probiotic and beneficial aspects of LAB have been intensely reviewed elsewhere and will not be the subject of this chapter. In addition to their intrinsic beneficial properties, certain strains of LAB have the capability of producing/releasing and/or increasing specific beneficial compounds in foods. These functional ingredients are sometimes referred to as nutraceuticals, a term that was first coined in 1989 to describe "a food (or part of a food) that provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease". These ingredients can be macronutrients (such as unsaturated fatty acids present in some oils), micronutrients (such as vitamins), or non-nutritive compounds (such as hydrolytic enzymes and flavonoids) and can be naturally present in foods (such as omega-3 fatty acids in fish or vitamin C in citrus fruits, etc.) or added (i.e., milks fortified with calcium and vitamin D, cereals fortified with folic acid, and others). Since LAB are involved in the preparation of a wide range of fermented foods and because of their GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status, the selection of strains delivering nutraceuticals is now the main objective of several research groups. Among these studies, vitamin production by LAB has gained the attention of the scientific community. It has been shown that certain foods fermented with LAB contain high levels of B-group vitamins as a result of microbial biosynthesis. For this reason, LAB (considered food-grade microorganisms) are the ideal candidates to deliver specific compounds such as vitamins into foods.Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Laiño, Jonathan Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Juarez del Valle, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Sesma, Fernando Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Taranto, Maria Pia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin

B-Group vitamin production by lactic acid bacteria - current knowledge and potential applications

Although most vitamins are present in a variety of foods, human vitamin deficiencies still occur in many countries, mainly because of malnutrition not only as a result of insufficient food intake but also because of unbalanced diets. Even though most lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are auxotrophic for several vitamins, it is now known that certain strains have the capability to synthesize water-soluble vitamins such as those included in the B-group (folates, riboflavin and vitamin B 12 amongst others). This review article will show the current knowledge of vitamin biosynthesis by LAB and show how the proper selection of starter cultures and probiotic strains could be useful in preventing clinical and subclinical vitamin deficiencies. Here, several examples will be presented where vitamin-producing LAB led to the elaboration of novel fermented foods with increased and bioavailable vitamins. In addition, the use of genetic engineering strategies to increase vitamin production or to create novel vitamin-producing strains will also be discussed. This review will show that the use of vitamin-producing LAB could be a cost-effective alternative to current vitamin fortification programmes and be useful in the elaboration of novel vitamin-enriched products.Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Laiño, Jonathan Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Juarez del Valle, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Vannini, María Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: van Sinderen, Douwe. University College Cork. Department of Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; IrlandaFil: Taranto, Maria Pia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Font, Graciela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Sesma, Fernando Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin

Relationships between the genome and some phenotypical properties of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716, a probiotic strain isolated from human milk

Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716, isolated from human milk, has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiinfectious properties, as revealed by several in vitro and in vivo assays, which suggests a strong potential as a probiotic strain. In this work, some phenotypic properties of L. fermentum CECT 5716 were evaluated and the genetic basis for the obtained results was searched for in the strain genome. L. fermentum CECT 5716 does not contain plasmids and showed neither bacteriocin nor biogenic amines biosynthesis ability but was able to produce organic acids, glutathione, riboflavin, and folates, and to moderately stimulate the maturation of mouse dendritic cells. No prophages could be induced and the strain was sensitive to all antibiotics proposed by EFSA standards while no transmissible genes potentially involved in antibiotic resistance were detected in its genome. Comparison with the genome of L. fermentum IFO3956 revealed the presence of 15 protein-encoding genes that were only found in that of L. fermentum CECT 5716. Globally, there was an agreement between the phenotype properties of L. fermentum CECT 5716 and the genetic information contained in its genome.Fil: Cárdenas, Nivia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Laiño, Jonathan Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Delgado, Susana. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Superior de Productos Lacteos de Asturias; EspañaFil: Jiménez, Esther. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Juarez del Valle, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Sesma, Fernando Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Mayo, Baltasar. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Superior de Productos Lacteos de Asturias; EspañaFil: Fernández, Leónides. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Juan M.. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Españ