Subproducts of beer industry in swine feeding and its influence in the quantity and quality of fat deposits

Se ensayaron dos subproductos de la industria cervecera en la alimentación del cerdo (raicilla y medio grano) que suplantaron a una parte del cereal. Un total de 33 porcinos fueron divididos en dos lotes, lote testigo LT 16 animales que fueron alimentados con trigo y harina de carne y lote experiencia LE 17 animales en el cual los subproductos reemplazaron al trigo en una proporción del 37,5, 45,5, 55,5% respectivamente segun los tres niveles de requerimientos alimenticios del cerdo. Se demostró que se pueden suplantar parte de los granos por dichos subproductos sin afectar la producción. Hubo un aumento del tenor de celulosa bruta en la ración del LE de 1,81, 2,5 y 3 g. 100 g. con respecto a los tres niveles del LT lo que ocasionó una dilución energética de la ración y de esta manera los cerdos del LE estuvieron 21 días más de promedio en experiencia que el LT para obtener la misma ganancia de peso (82,2 kg.) pero consumieron 18 kg. menos de alimento por animal. Con respecto al espesor de grasa solamente el 11,7% de los animales del LE superó los 26 mm de espesor a la altura de la última costilla, mientras que el 82,5% de los animales del LT superaron ese espesor. Se obtuvo una reducción del costo de producción del 19% para el LE debido al menor costo de producción de la ración y al menor consumo de la misma sobre todo en el tercer período de terminación de los cerdos.Two beer brewery buproducts malt sprounts and second grade brewers barley grain, were used in these feed trials for pigs replacing part of the traditional grain. A total of 33 pigs was divided into 2 lots: Control Lot (LT) of 16 animals was fed with wheat and dried meat. Trial Lot (LE) of 17 animals was fed replacing the wheat with by products in the proportion of 37,5 45,5 and 55,5% respectively, according to the 3 feed requirement levels of the pig. It was shown that part of the grains can be replaced by these by-products without affecting the production. There was an increase in the tenor of crude fiber in the ration of LE of 1,81, 2,5 and 3 g 100 according to three levels of LT which caused an energetic dilution of the ration arid in this way the pigs of the LE were 21 more days average in experience thaai LT in order to obtain the same increase of weight (82,2 kg.) but consuming 18 kg. less of food each animal. With regard to the thickness of dorsal fat only the 11,7% of the animals of LE overcame the 26 mm of thickness up to the last rib, while the 82,5% of the animais of LT overcame that thickness. There was a disminution in the cost of production of 19% for the LE owed to a smaller consume of the same specially in the third period of finishing pigs.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

La semipresencialidad en Educación Superior: casos de estudio en los grados de la universidad de Barcelona

En esta investigación se analiza la implantación de la docencia semipresencial en el grado universitario de la Universidad de Barcelona. En el estudio se han identificado aquellos grados universitarios en los que la docencia semipresencial tiene, a nivel institucional, un peso específico importante. En ellos se analizan los motivos que han determinado la aplicación de dicha modalidad docente, así como la problemática derivada tanto de su implantación estructural como la referida a su impartición. La metodología utilizada se ha basado en entrevistas y cuestionarios semiestructurados específicos para responsables académicos y profesorado implicado. Se aportan, a modo de valoraciones finales, un conjunto de reflexiones que pueden ser de utilidad en posteriores experiencias, y se enmarcan en las tendencias europeas de futuro en la docencia semipresencial

Validation of a diagnostic support system for diabetic retinopathy based on clinical parameters

Purpose: To validate a clinical decision support system (CDSS) that estimates risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to personalize screening protocols in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: We utilized a CDSS based on a fuzzy random forest, integrated by fuzzy decision trees with the following variables: current age, sex, arterial hypertension, diabetes duration and treatment, HbA1c, glomerular filtration rate, microalbuminuria, and body mass index. Validation was made using the electronic health records of a sample of 101,802 T2DM patients. Diagnosis was made by retinal photographs, according to EURODIAB guidelines and the International Diabetic Retinopathy Classification. Results: The prevalence of DR was 19,759 patients (19.98%). Results yielded 16,593 (16.31%) true positives, 72,617 (71.33%) true negatives, 3165 (3.1%) false positives, and 9427 (9.26%) false negatives, with an accuracy of 0.876 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.858–0.886), sensitivity of 84% (95% CI, 83.46–84.49), specificity of 88.5% (95% CI, 88.29–88.72), positive predictive value of 63.8% (95% CI, 63.18–64.35), negative predictive value of 95.8% (95% CI, 95.68–95.96), positive likelihood ratio of 7.30, and negative likelihood ratio of 0.18. The type 1 error was 0.115, and the type 2 error was 0.16. Conclusions: We confirmed a good prediction rate for DR from a representative sample of T2DM in our population. Furthermore, the CDSS was able to offer an individualized screening protocol for each patient according to the calculated risk confidence value. Translational Relevance: Results from this study will help to establish a novel strategy for personalizing screening for DR according to patient risk factors.The authors thank Phil Hoddy for his language assistance and for editing and correcting the English text. Supported by Instituto de Investigaciones Carlos III (research projects PI18/00169, PI12/01535, and PI15/01150) and by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER).The authors thank Phil Hoddy for his language assistance and for editing and correcting the English text. Supported by Instituto de Investigaciones Carlos III (research projects PI18/00169, PI12/01535, and PI15/01150) and by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)

The frequency of defective genomes in Omicron differs from that of the Alpha, Beta and Delta variants

Evolution; Genetics; Molecular biologyEvolució; Genètica; Biologia molecularEvolución; Genética; Biología molecularThe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged showing higher transmissibility and possibly higher resistance to current COVID-19 vaccines than other variants dominating the global pandemic. In March 2020 we performed a study in clinical samples, where we found that a portion of genomes in the SARS-CoV-2 viral population accumulated deletions immediately before the S1/S2 cleavage site (furin-like cleavage site, PRRAR/S) of the spike gene, generating a frameshift and appearance of a premature stop codon. The main aim of this study was to determine the frequency of defective deletions in prevalent variants from the first to sixth pandemic waves in our setting and discuss whether the differences observed might support epidemiological proposals. The complete SARS-CoV-2 spike gene was deeply studied by next-generation sequencing using the MiSeq platform. More than 90 million reads were obtained from respiratory swab specimens of 78 COVID-19 patients with mild infection caused by the predominant variants circulating in the Barcelona city area during the six pandemic waves: B.1.5, B.1.1, B.1.177, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron. The frequency of defective genomes found in variants dominating the first and second waves was similar to that seen in Omicron, but differed from the frequencies seen in the Alpha, Beta and Delta variants. The changing pattern of mutations seen in the various SARS-CoV-2 variants driving the pandemic waves over time can affect viral transmission and immune escape. Here we discuss the putative biological effects of defective deletions naturally occurring before the S1/S2 cleavage site during adaption of the virus to human infection.This study was partially supported by Pla Estratègic de Recerca i Innovació en Salut (PERIS) – Direcció General de Recerca i Innovació en Salut (DGRIS), Catalan Health Ministry, Generalitat de Catalunya; the Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0003) from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (CDTI) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Business, grant number IDI-20200297; Grant PI19/00301 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and Gilead’s biomedical research project GLD21/00006. We gratefully acknowledge the authors, originating and submitting laboratories of the sequences from GISAID’s EpiCov Database on which this research is based

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Deep structures of the Alpine-Himalaya collision in the Zagros Mountains and Tibetan Plateau : a combined geophysical and petrological study

The central Alpine-Himalaya collision is characterised by two mountains belts, Zagros and Himalaya, and its plateaus. Although being the results of the same process, some differences have been noticed since their total amount of convergence is different and Zagros seems to be in a more recent stage of development. A thinning of the lithosphere has been proposed for both Zagros and Tibet to fit potential field data and to explain the high elevation, low seismic wave velocities in the upper mantle, low Pn velocities, higher wave attenuation and higher crustal temperatures than in the surrounding shields. The study of these belts' present-day structures provides new insights into different evolution steps of a collisional process. Combining geophysical and petrological data, we study the lithospheric structure down to 400km depth along three transects, two crossing the Zagros, and the third crossing the Himalayan front up to the Tibetan Plateau. In the Zagros the results show a lithospheric mantle thinning affecting the whole area beneath the range, more extended in the southern sector. It lengthens to the Alborz and the Central Plateau. A Phanerozoic mantle composition denotes the mantle below the range. In the Himalayan belt a more evolved composition should be expected since India-Eurasia collision occurred prior to the Arabia-Eurasia one and since the average convergence rates between the former are higher that the latter. A comparison between the Zagros and Himalaya profiles will be performed in order to discuss the LAB geometry and the compositional differences in the two collisional environments.1 page(s

Tragedias de amor, de gustoso, y apacible entretenimiento de historias, fabulas, enredadas marañas, cantares, bayles, ingeniosas moralidades del enamorado Acrisio y su zagala Luzidora / compuesto por ... Iuan Arze Solorzeno ...

Sign.: œ7, A-S8, T7Errates tip. a la fol

Decoupled crust-mantle accommodation of Africa-Eurasia convergence in the NW Moroccan margin

The extent of the area accommodating convergence between the African and Iberian plates, how this convergence is partitioned between crust and mantle, and the role of the plate boundary in accommodating deformation are not well-understood subjects. We calculate the structure of the lithosphere derived from its density distribution along a profile running from the Tagus Abyssal Plain to the Sahara Platform and crossing the Gorringe Bank, the NW Moroccan margin, and the Atlas Mountains. The model is based on the integration of gravity, geoid, elevation, and heat flow data and on the crustal structure across the NW Moroccan margin derived from reflection and wide-angle seismic data. The resulting mantle density anomalies suggest important variations of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) topography, indicating prominent lithospheric mantle thickening beneath the margin (LAB > 200 km depth) followed by thinning beneath the Atlas Mountains (LAB similar to 90 km depth). At crustal levels the Iberia-Africa convergence is sparsely accommodated in a similar to 950 km wide area and localized in the Atlas and Gorringe regions, with an inferred shortening of similar to 50 km. In contrast, mantle thickening accommodates a 400 km wide region, thus advocating for a decoupled crustal-mantle mechanical response. A combination of mantle underthrusting due to oblique convergence, together with a viscous dripping fed by lateral mantle dragging, can explain the imaged lithospheric structure. The model is consistent with crustal shortening estimates and with the accommodation of part of the Iberia-Africa convergence farther NW of the Gorringe Bank and/or off the strike of the profile.12 page(s