The value of gut microbiota to predict feed efficiency and growth of rabbits under different feeding regimes

Gut microbiota plays an important role in nutrient absorption and could impact rabbit feed efciency. This study aims at investigating such impact by evaluating the value added by microbial information for predicting individual growth and cage phenotypes related to feed efciency. The dataset comprised individual average daily gain and cage-average daily feed intake from 425 meat rabbits, in which cecal microbiota was assessed, and their cage mates. Despite microbiota was not measured in all animals, consideration of pedigree relationships with mixed models allowed the study of cageaverage traits. The inclusion of microbial information into certain mixed models increased their predictive ability up to 20% and 46% for cage-average feed efciency and individual growth traits, respectively. These gains were associated with large microbiability estimates and with reductions in the heritability estimates. However, large microbiabililty estimates were also obtained with certain models but without any improvement in their predictive ability. A large proportion of OTUs seems to be responsible for the prediction improvement in growth and feed efciency traits, although specifc OTUs taxonomically assigned to 5 diferent phyla have a higher weight. Rabbit growth and feed efciency are infuenced by host cecal microbiota, thus considering microbial information in models improves the prediction of these complex phenotypes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of Woody Breast Condition on Instrumental Texture Characteristics of Poultry Deli Loaves

The use of broiler breast fillets affected by the woody breast (WB) condition in processed poultry products couldbe a feasible solution to this meat quality problem. This study assessed the impact of utilizing broiler breast fillets at differ-ent degrees of WB severity and percentages on instrumental texture characteristics of deli loaves. Breast fillets (n = 270) were collected from broiler carcasses and sorted based on palpation assessment in 3 WB categories (normal [NOR], mild [MIL], and severe [SEV]). Nine treatments of deli loaves were prepared from cubed portions in each of 3 replications: 100% NOR (T1), 67% NOR + 33% MIL (T2), 67% NOR + 33% SEV (T3), 33% NOR + 67% MIL (T4), 33% NOR + 67% SEV (T5), 100% MIL (T6), 67% MIL + 33% SEV (T7), 33% MIL + 67% SEV (T8), and 100% SEV (T9). Cooked deli loaves were subjected to texture profile analysis, cook loss, instrumental color, and dimensional modifications. Hardness of deli loaves increased (P < 0.05), whereas cohesiveness values decreased (P < 0.05), as WB severity increased in the meat added into the product formulation when compared with NOR samples and excluding treatments T2 through T4. The use of SEV fillets at 100% (T9) or mixtures of MIL and SEV fillets (T7 and T8) yielded nonuniform deli loaves with different color parameters and higher levels of cook loss (>13%), coupled with reductions in diameter (>8%) and length (>5%), comparedto NOR samples (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the negative effects of WB on quality and yield characteristics are not minimized by the preparation of this formed product when using high proportions of WB meat. Thus, broiler breast fillets affected by the WB condition may be used at relatively low percentages combined with NOR fillets as an option in commercial chicken deli loaf formulations

Distribución geográfica y estado de conservación de los peces sierra Pristis spp (Pristiformes: Pristidae) en el Caribe sur

The former presence of sawfishes (Pristis spp) is confirmed for the southern Caribbean Sea from the coasts of Colombia and Venezuela, based on review of eleven rostral saws exhibited in businesses, museums and private collections, as well as bibliographic references, photographs and surveys to detect sightings or captures in both countries. We determined that Pristis pristis and Pristis pectinata were present in the southern Caribbean coasts of Colombia and Venezuela, but that they are now probably locally extinct.Se confirma la presencia en el pasado de las especies de pez sierra (Pristis spp) en el mar Caribe de Colombia y Venezuela, a partir de la revisión de once extensiones rostrales exhibidas en establecimientos, museos y colecciones de particulares, así como la consulta bibliográfica, encuestas y el examen de material fotográfico disponible sobre avistamientos o capturas realizadas en ambos países. Se determinó que las especies presentes en el Caribe de Colombia y Venezuela eran Pristis pristis y Pristis pectinata, las cuales en la actualidad se encuentran probablemente extintas localmente

Breeding farm, level of feeding and presence of antibiotics in the feed influence rabbit cecal microbiota

Background The effect of the production environment and different management practices in rabbit cecal microbiota remains poorly understood. While previous studies have proved the impact of the age or the feed composition, research in the breeding farm and other animal management aspects, such as the presence of antibiotics in the feed or the level of feeding, is still needed. Characterization of microbial diversity and composition of growing rabbits raised under different conditions could help better understand the role these practices play in cecal microbial communities and how it may result in different animal performance. Results Four hundred twenty-five meat rabbits raised in two different facilities, fed under two feeding regimes (ad libitum or restricted) with feed supplemented or free of antibiotics, were selected for this study. A 16S rRNA gene-based assessment through the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform was performed on cecal samples collected from these individuals at slaughter. Different univariate and multivariate approaches were conducted to unravel the influence of the different factors on microbial alpha diversity and composition at phylum, genus and OTU taxonomic levels. The animals raised in the facility harboring the most stable environmental conditions had greater, and less variable, microbial richness and diversity. Bootstrap univariate analyses of variance and sparse partial least squares-discriminant analyses endorsed that farm conditions exerted an important influence on rabbit microbiota since the relative abundances of many taxa were found differentially represented between both facilities at all taxonomic levels characterized. Furthermore, only five OTUs were needed to achieve a perfect classification of samples according to the facility where animals were raised. The level of feeding and the presence of antibiotics did not modify the global alpha diversity but had an impact on some bacteria relative abundances, albeit in a small number of taxa compared with farm, which is consistent with the lower sample classification power according to these factors achieved using microbial information. Conclusions This study reveals that factors associated with the farm effect and other management factors, such as the presence of antibiotics in the diet or the feeding level, modify cecal microbial communities. It highlights the importance of offering a controlled breeding environment that reduces differences in microbial cecal composition that could be responsible for different animal performance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geographic distribution and conservation status of sawfish <em>Pristis spp<em> (Pristiformes: Pristidae) in the southern Caribbean Sea

The former presence of sawfishes (Pristis spp) is confirmed for the southern Caribbean Sea from the coasts of Colombia and Venezuela, based on review of eleven rostral saws exhibited in businesses, museums and private collections, as well as bibliographic references, photographs and surveys to detect sightings or captures in both countries. We determined that Pristis pristis and Pristis pectinata were present in the southern Caribbean coasts of Colombia and Venezuela, but that they are now probably locally extinct

Disruption of the inositol phosphorylceramide synthase gene affects Trypanosoma cruzi differentiation and infection capacity

Sphingolipids (SLs) are essential components of all eukaryotic cellular membranes. In fungi, plants and many protozoa, the primary SL is inositol-phosphorylceramide (IPC). Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease (CD), a chronic illness for which no vaccines or effective treatments are available. IPC synthase (IPCS) has been considered an ideal target enzyme for drug development because phosphoinositol-containing SL is absent in mammalian cells and the enzyme activity has been described in all parasite forms of T. cruzi. Furthermore, IPCS is an integral membrane protein conserved amongst other kinetoplastids, including Leishmania major, for which specific inhibitors have been identified. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 protocol, we generated T. cruzi knockout (KO) mutants in which both alleles of the IPCS gene were disrupted. We demonstrated that the lack of IPCS activity does not affect epimastigote proliferation or its susceptibility to compounds that have been identified as inhibitors of the L. major IPCS. However, disruption of the T. cruzi IPCS gene negatively affected epimastigote differentiation into metacyclic trypomastigotes as well as proliferation of intracellular amastigotes and differentiation of amastigotes into tissue culture-derived trypomastigotes. In accordance with previous studies suggesting that IPC is a membrane component essential for parasite survival in the mammalian host, we showed that T. cruzi IPCS null mutants are unable to establish an infection in vivo, even in immune deficient mice

Perfil de pacientes atendidos por la especialidad de endodoncia en el centro de especialidades odontológicas (CEO) de una ciudad de mediano porte del interior del estado de Paraíba

A organização dos serviços públicos de odontologia no Brasil apresenta-se como um desafio, pois a má distribuição e baixa capacidade de oferta tem gerado demanda reprimida nos serviços de saúde bucal, em sua maioria, para tratamento de endodontia. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, de caráter exploratório e transversal, objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o fluxo e a organização da assistência em endodontia e perfil dos usuários atendidos pelo centro de especialidades odontológicas numa cidade do interior do estado da Paraíba (PB). O universo foi composto por 18.400 prontuários, que correspondem ao número de usuários cadastrados, que já foram ou aguardam atendimento por alguma das especialidades, a amostra foi constituída por 249 prontuários dos pacientes submetidos a endodontia. Observou-se que a maioria dos indivíduos atendidos eram mulheres entre 26 aos 40 anos, os elementos mais submetidos foram, molares e pré-molares. Embora os resultados tenham caracterizado o acesso da assistência ofertada e perfil dos usuários, houve carência do acesso à informações em virtude dos registros estarem incompletos, além disso, não havia informações disponíveis no sistema de regulação do município, para avaliação do fluxo e demanda reprimida ou viabilizar um comparativo dos atendimentos endodônticos realizados nos últimos cinco anos, para analisar se houve melhora no acesso ao serviço. Concluiu-se que há necessidade de melhoria no preenchimento dos prontuários, na referência e contra referência, adoção de protocolos para planejamento do fluxo direcionado por meio de levantamento epidemiológico que expresse a real demanda, bem como, ampliação da oferta do serviço de endodontia.Organization of public dental services in Brazil is a challenge, as poor distribution and low supply capacity have generated pent-up demand for oral health services, mostly for endodontic treatment. This is a quantitative, descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study, The aim of the study was to evaluate the flow and organization of endodontic care and the profile of users served by the Dental Specialties Center in a city in the interior of the state of Paraíba (PB). Universe consisted of 18,400 medical records, which correspond to the number of registered users, who have already been or are waiting for care by one of the specialties, the sample consisted of 249 medical records of patients undergoing endodontics. It was observed that most of the individuals attended were women between 26 and 40 years old, the most affected teeth were molars and premolars. Although results characterized access to the assistance offered and the profile of users, there was a lack of access to information due to records being incomplete, in addition, there was no information available in the municipality's regulatory system, to assess flow and repressed demand or enable a comparison of endodontic care performed in the last five years, to analyze whether there was an improvement in access to the service. It was concluded that there is a necessity for improvement in filling of medical records, in reference and counter-reference, adoption of protocols for planning directed flow through an epidemiological survey that expresses the real demand, as well as expanding offer of endodontics service.La organización de los servicios públicos de odontología en Brasil es un desafío, ya que la mala distribución y la baja capacidad de oferta han generado una demanda acumulada de servicios de salud bucal, principalmente para el tratamiento de endodoncia. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal, El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el flujo y la organización de la asistencia endodóntica y el perfil de los usuarios atendidos por el centro de especialidad odontológica en una ciudad del interior del estado de Paraíba (PB). El universo estuvo constituido por 18,400 historias clínicas, que corresponden al número de usuarios registrados, que ya han estado o están en espera de atención por alguna de las especialidades, la muestra estuvo constituida por 249 historias clínicas de pacientes sometidos a endodoncia. Se observó que la mayoría de los individuos atendidos fueron mujeres entre 26 y 40 años, las piezas dentárias más frecuentes fueron molares y premolares. Si bien, los resultados caracterizaron el acceso a la atención ofrecida y el perfil de los usuarios, hubo falta de acceso a la información debido a que los registros estaban incompletos, además, no había información disponible en el sistema normativo del municipio, para evaluar el flujo y demanda reprimida o posibilitar una comparación de la atención endodóncica realizada en los últimos cinco años, para analizar si hubo una mejora en el acceso al servicio. Se concluyó que existe la necesidad de mejorar el llenado de los datos en las historias clínicas, en referencia y contrarreferencia, adopción de protocolos para la planificación del flujo dirigido a través de una encuesta epidemiológica que exprese la demanda real, así como ampliar la oferta del servicio de salud en endodoncia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The role of statins on helicobacter pylori eradication : Results from the european registry on the management of h. pylori (hp-eureg)

Funding: This project was promoted and funded by the European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (EHMSG), the Spanish Association of Gastroenterology (AEG), and the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management: Effectiveness of First and Second-Line Treatment in Spain

The management of Helicobacter pylori infection has to rely on previous local effectiveness due to the geographical variability of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of first and second-line H. pylori treatment in Spain, where the empirical prescription is recommended. A multicentre prospective non-interventional registry of the clinical practice of European gastroenterologists concerning H. pylori infection (Hp-EuReg) was developed, including patients from 2013 until June 2019. Effectiveness was evaluated descriptively and through a multivariate analysis concerning age, gender, presence of ulcer, proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) dose, therapy duration and compliance. Overall, 53 Spanish hospitals were included, and 10,267 patients received a first-line therapy. The best results were obtained with the 10-day bismuth single-capsule therapy (95% cure rate by intention-to-treat) and with both the 14-day bismuth-clarithromycin quadruple (PPI-bismuth-clarithromycin-amoxicillin, 91%) and the 14-day non-bismuth quadruple concomitant (PPI-clarithromycin-amoxicillin-metronidazole, 92%) therapies. Second-line therapies were prescribed to 2448 patients, with most-effective therapies being the triple quinolone (PPI-amoxicillin-levofloxacin/moxifloxacin) and the bismuth-levofloxacin quadruple schemes (PPI-bismuth-levofloxacin-amoxicillin) prescribed for 14 days (92%, 89% and 90% effectiveness, respectively), and the bismuth single-capsule (10 days, 88.5%). Compliance, longer duration and higher acid inhibition were associated with higher effectiveness. "Optimized" H. pylori therapies achieve over 90% success in Spain

The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV Adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

We previously reported on the cross-national epidemiology of ADHD from the first 10 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. The current report expands those previous findings to the 20 nationally or regionally representative WMH surveys that have now collected data on adult ADHD. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to 26,744 respondents in these surveys in high-, upper-middle-, and low-/lower-middle-income countries (68.5% mean response rate). Current DSM-IV/CIDI adult ADHD prevalence averaged 2.8% across surveys and was higher in high (3.6%)- and upper-middle (3.0%)- than low-/lower-middle (1.4%)-income countries. Conditional prevalence of current ADHD averaged 57.0% among childhood cases and 41.1% among childhood subthreshold cases. Adult ADHD was significantly related to being male, previously married, and low education. Adult ADHD was highly comorbid with DSM-IV/CIDI anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders and significantly associated with role impairments (days out of role, impaired cognition, and social interactions) when controlling for comorbidities. Treatment seeking was low in all countries and targeted largely to comorbid conditions rather than to ADHD. These results show that adult ADHD is prevalent, seriously impairing, and highly comorbid but vastly under-recognized and undertreated across countries and cultures