La excepcionalidad de la mortalidad en Andalucía: apuntes sobre causas de muerte y descomposición de la esperanza de vida

La supervivencia de la población española ha aumentado extraordinariamente en las últimas décadas y, con ello, también lo ha hecho su esperanza de vida. Ahora bien, esta tendencia ha sido desigual por comunidades autónomas y provincias. Estudios previos (Benach y Martínez 2013; Ruiz y Viciana 2004; Ruiz, Blanes y Viciana 1997, por citar algunos) han puesto de manifiesto que la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía, y en especial áreas del suroeste español (Huelva, Sevilla y Cádiz), tienen una mortalidad sensiblemente superior a la del resto de España. Muchas de las causas nos son aún desconocidas. Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos para el período 2005-2014. Primero,actualizar las tendencias de mortalidad y esperanza de vida entre Andalucía y el resto de España. Segundo, explicar en términos etarios y epidemiológicos esas potenciales desigualdades territoriales.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Buscando el Sur: migración, fecundidad y envejecimiento. El caso de Chile

La integración y los impactos demográficos de las migraciones internacionales sur-sur, pese a su creciente relevancia, apenas han sido estudiados en la literatura. Chile se encuentra en la actualidad, al igual que sus vecinos del Cono Sur, en una fase avanzada de la transición demográfica, con un aumento progresivo del envejecimiento y una dispar dinámica migratoria. Tras ser país receptor de importantes flujos de inmigrantes hasta mediados del siglo XX, en las últimas décadas se compaginan movimientos emigratorios hacia el “norte” y significativos flujos de inmigración económica provenientes de los países vecinos del “sur”, especialmente Perú. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer hasta qué punto puede la migración internacional sur-sur ralentizar el proceso de envejecimiento de la población chilena. Se estudian las interrelaciones entre envejecimiento, fecundidad y migraciones internacionales, comparando los flujos Sur-Sur y los Sur-Norte originarios de Sudamérica y con destino a España.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Weather and agricultural intensification determine the breeding performance of a small generalist predator

Land-use changes due to agricultural intensification and climatic factors can affect avian reproduction. We use a top predator of agroecosystems, the American kestrel (Falco sparverius) breeding in nest boxes in Central Argentina as a study subject to identify if these two drivers interact to affect birds breeding. We analyzed their breeding performance across a gradient of agricultural intensification from native forest, traditional farmland to intensive farmland. The surface devoted to soybean was used as a proxy of agriculture intensification; however, it did not affect the breeding performance of American kestrels. Even though the presence of pastures was important to determine the probability of breeding successfully. Climatic variables had strong effects on the species breeding timing, on the number of nestlings raised by breeding pairs and on the probability of those pairs to breed successfully (raising at least one fledgling). Our results highlight the relevance of pastures and grasslands for American kestrel reproduction. These environments are the most affected by land-use change to intensive agriculture, being transformed into fully agricultural lands mostly devoted to soybean production. Therefore, future expansion of intensive agriculture may negatively affect the average reproductive parameters of American Kestrels, at least at a regional scale. Further research will be needed to disentangle the mechanisms by which weather variables affect kestrel breeding parameters.Fil: Orozco Valor, Paula Maiten. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de Aves Rapaces; ArgentinaFil: Grande, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentin

Nidificación inusual del Loro Barranquero (Cyanoliseus patagonus) en cavidades naturales de árboles

The Burrowing Parrot Cyanoliseus patagonus is known to breed in burrows mostly on cliffs and ravines in arid or semi‐arid regions of Argentina and Chile. However, during a tree cavity monitoring project we confirmed at least two active nests in tree cavities. Cavity entrances were located between 3.1 and 5.3 m above the ground in live caldén (Prosopis caldenia) trees, Parque Luro, province of La Pampa, Argentina. One nest failed while the other one successfully produced three fledglings. The absence of cliffs and scarcity of ravines in the region, and the presence of a nesting colony of the Blue‐crowned Parakeet (Thectocercus acuticaudatus) in the site may have promoted the adop‐ tion of this new nesting substrate for the species.El Loro Barranquero (Cyanoliseus patagonus) nidifica mayoritariamente en cavidades en barrancos y acantilados en regiones áridas y semiáridas de Argentina y Chile. Sin embargo, durante un proyecto de monitoreo de cavidades en árboles, confirmamos al menos dos nidos activos de Loro Barranquero. La entrada de las cavidades estuvo localizada entre 3.1 y 5.3 m de altura en árboles vivos de caldén (Prosopis caldenia), en Parque Luro, provincia de La Pampa, Argentina. Un nido fracasó mientras que el otro tuvo éxito produciendo tres volantones. La escasez de barrancos y la presencia de una colonia de nidificación de Calancate Común (Thectocercus acuticaudatus) en el sitio, podrían haber favorecido la adopción de este nuevo sustrato de nidificación para la especie.Fil: López, Fernando Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de Aves Rapaces; ArgentinaFil: Grande, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de Aves Rapaces; ArgentinaFil: Berkunsky, Igor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable; ArgentinaFil: Santillán, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Museo de Historia Natural de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Rebollo, María Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de Aves Rapaces; Argentin

Análisis, diseño e implementación de un generador automático de presupuestos para proyectos software

This document presents Bappget, name of the tool developed by the student Juan Manuel Grande González as the Final Thesis for his Bachelor in Computer Science at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes 2018. The project, has been developed exclusively along with the help of professor Ms. Belén Ruíz Mezcua, who has been constantly in touch with the student with the only purpose of easing and tracing the development. The project's objective is to create a web application where the user is able to assign tasks for a software project and estimate a budget in an easy, and friendly way for the user. During the introduction, the final objective of the application will be explained in detail, while through the following chapters, some alternatives to the one exposed are presented, as well as the requirements for the development of the project. Nowadays, the digital transformation of a company is a must, no matters how big or small it is. Said so, every year the amount of money invested on technology in order to improve services is increased, with the aim of gaining more benefits. In Spain there are almost three million companies, one million three hundred thousand of them are known as micro or small companies, which will have the necessity of renewing their products or processes due to the technological revolution that is going on worldwide. Many of the companies are not related with technology, so the uncertainty for the owner of the company will be even bigger at the time of investing in new technology. Bapgget is born as a solution for making company owner's life easier. He or she would calculate simpler and faster an approach of the budget need for future investment on a software project. This tool is a technical solution for elaborating budgets, based on different implementations which need to fulfil several user requirements and provides the total cost depending on the requirements, supposing an ideal DSS for the presentation of proposals.Ingeniería Informátic

Diseño, inspección y análisis de engranajes cónicos

Este proyecto de fin de grado es un proyecto en colaboración con la empresa Jonh Deere Ibérica en el que se estudiarán las normas existentes sobre engranajes cónicos con el fin de estandarizar la manera de diseñar y acotar los planos en la empresa. Se hará una pequeña introducción sobre los tipos de engranajes que se encuentran en el mercado actualmente, y se profundizará en los parámetros característicos de los engranajes cónicos. Se explicarán las distintas formas de acotación y aplicación de tolerancias según las normas DIN y AGMA y posteriormente se analizarán los métodos de medición y de inspección que propone la norma AGMA para engranajes cónicos. Se analizará la inspección de un engranaje de la fábrica mediante una máquina de control por coordenadas y se analizarán los resultados obtenidos.Ingeniería en Tecnologías Industriale

Endozoochorus seed dispersal by goats: recovery, germinability and emergence of five Mediterranean shrub species

Herbivores can play an important role as seed dispersal vectors, ungulates constituting potential seed dispersal agents of Mediterranean grasses and shrubs. We evaluated the role of domestic goats as seed dispersers of five representative Mediterranean forage shrub species [Cistus albidus L., Phillyrea angustifolia L., Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link., Rhamnus lycioides L. and Atriplex halimus L.]. Following seed ingestion by goats, total faeces were collected at 24-h intervals for five days. The total number of seeds recovered varied among species, with R. lycioides showing the minimum recovery percentage (1.3%) and C. albidus (35.8%), the maximum. Seed recovery was significantly related to seed hardness and length. In most species, the maximum amount of seeds recovered occurred 48-72 h after ingestion. The passage through the goat gut significantly depressed seed germination in C. albidus, C. villosa and A. halimus; inhibited it in R. lycioides and increased it in P. angustifolia. Seedling emergence was significantly lower in intact dung pellets than in broken-down ones, and both significantly lower than in uneaten seeds (control). The results of this study show that goats can potentially favor or inhibit seed dispersal of browsed Mediterranean shrub species. Therefore, goat grazing could be a potential management tool for expanding target shrub species populations or preventing shrub encroachment in undesired areas

Integrating socio-ecological information to address human–top predator conflicts: the case of an endangered eagle in the eastern Andes of Colombia

Fragmentation of the world's most intact forest landscapes will likely increase the severity of Human Wildlife Conflict (HWC). The way these threats affect top predators involves a series of complex social and ecological relationships, which are not completely understood, and thus require socio-ecological studies. The aim of this study is to examine the socio-ecological factors that affect the tolerance of local people towards the endangered Black-and-chestnut Eagle (Spizaetus isidori) in rural villages of the eastern Andes of Colombia. We conducted 172 interviews in 20 rural villages and estimated the proportion of forest cover (i.e. amount of remaining native forest), human density, the yearly losses of domestic fowl by the Black-and-chestnut Eagle, and socio-demographic parameters (i.e. economic activity, domestic fowl ownership, age, education, gender). The likelihood of villagers being tolerant towards the Black-and-chestnut Eagle decreased when the forest cover, human density and yearly losses of domestic fowl were higher. The integration of socio-ecological information allowed us to identify key areas with increasing HWC. Our findings were in consonance with the most recent evidence indicating that declines of top predator populations, as well as other vertebrate biodiversity, can be severely affected by the exacerbation of HWC on the border of intact native habitat and deforested areas.Fil: Zuluaga Castañeda, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentina. Fundación Proyecto Águila Crestada-Colombia; Colombia. Peregrine Fund; Estados UnidosFil: Vargas, F. Hernán. Peregrine Fund; Estados UnidosFil: Grande, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentin

Effect of agroecosystems on seroprevalence of St. Louis encephalitis and West Nile viruses in birds, La Pampa, Argentina, 2017–2019

In Argentina, the La Pampa ecoregion has been almost completely transformed into agroecosystems. To evaluate the environmental (agricultural area, tree coverage, distance to the nearest water body and urban site) and biological (dove, cowbird, and sparrow abundance) effects on free-ranging bird exposure to St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV), we used generalized linear mixed models. For 1,019 birds sampled during 2017–2019, neutralizing antibodies were found against SLEV in samples from 60 (5.8%) birds and against WNV for 21 (2.1%). The best variable for explaining SLEV seroprevalence was agricultural area, which had a positive effect; however, for WNV, no model was conclusive. Our results suggest that agroecosystems in the La Pampa ecoregion increase the exposure of avian hosts to SLEV, thus potentially increasing virus activity.Fil: Mansilla, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Grande, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Luis Adrian. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentin

Differences in the risk of premature cancer mortality between natives and immigrants in Spain

Background The healthy immigrant paradox has found wide support in the literature. To evaluate this hypothesis that immigrants have better health outcomes than the native population, this study aimed to compare the premature cancer mortality between the native and immigrant populations in Spain. Methods We obtained the 2012–15 cause-specific mortality estimates from administrative records and participant characteristics data from the 2011 Spanish census. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, we calculated the risks of mortality of the native and immigrant populations, and the latter populations’ risk based on their regions of origin, and determined the effects of covariates of interest on the calculated risk. Results Our results show that the risk of premature cancer mortality is lower among immigrants than among natives, and this gap is higher among men than among women. There is a lower mortality rate among Latin American immigrants (Latino men are 81% less likely to die prematurely from cancer than native-born men, and Latino women are 54% less). Moreover, despite social class disparities, immigrants’ advantage in cancer mortality remained constant and decreased with increasing length of residence in the host country. Conclusions This study provided novel evidence on the ‘healthy immigrant paradox’, associated with the fact that migrants are favorably selected at origin, cultural patterns of the societies of origin and, in the case of men, there is some convergence or an ‘unhealthy’ integration that explains the fact that this advantage over natives is lost with more years of residence in Spain.The study was supported by the following grants: RTI2018-098455-A-C22 by the national RþDþi program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation