Lesson Plan, U.S. History, 8th Grade

TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills): (8.23A-C) Culture (8.11A-C) Geography. Lesson objective(s): 1. ) Students will analyze and explain physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns, and economic activities in the Southern Colonies and Nuevo Santander. 2. Students will compare and contrast the geographical features and economic activities with the Southern Colonies and Nuevo Santander. Differentiation strategies to meet diverse learner needs: ELL and Special populations students will supplemented with added resources to meet their needs. GT & Honor students will be encouraged to incorporate more technology and high order thinking skills

Lesson Plan, U.S. History, 8th Grade

TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills): 8.23(D) analyze the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity. 8.23(E) identify the political, social, and economic contributions of women to American society. Lesson objective(s): 1.The Learner will (TLW) -analyze the political contributions of women and their significant roles they in promoting in the reform movements and civil rights. 2. TLW compare and contrast the letters to significant political leaders of their time of Mercy Otis Warren and Adela Sloss-Vento. Differentiation strategies to meet diverse learner needs: Students will write a letter (in Spanish and English) to local, state, and federal leaders addressing a change or reform in government to be effective today. Students will create a Venn-diagram comparing and contrasting Mercy Otis Warren and Adela SlossVento

Mapping the galaxy NGC 4486 (M87) through its Globular Cluster System

As shown in previous works, globular clusters can be used to trace the overall structure of the diffuse stellar populations in early type galaxies if the number of clusters per unit stellar mass depends on metallicity. In this paper we further test this assumption in the galaxy NGC 4486 (M 87), by combining several data sources. The results show that globular clusters allow the mapping of the galaxy in terms of the surface brightness profile, integrated colour gradient, chemical abundance, and mass to luminosity ratios up to 1000 arcsec (or 80.4 kpc) from its centre (i.e. some 10 effective radii). The analysis indicates the presence of a dominant high metallicity bulge associated with the red globulars, whose ellipticity increases outwards, and of a more flattened low metallicity halo connected with the blue globulars. The chemical abundance gradient of the composite stellar population is remarkably similar to that inferred from X ray observations of hot gas. The mass-metallicity spectrum of the stellar population can, in principle, be understood in terms of inhomogeneous enrichment models. In turn, the distribution of the bluest GCs, and lowest metallicity halo stars, has an intriguing similarity with that of dark matter, a feature shared with NGC 1399. Also, in these two galaxies, the number of blue GCs per dark mass unit is identical within the errors, \approx 1.0(\pm0.3) \times 10^{-9} . The total stellar mass derived for NGC 4486 is 6.8(\pm1.1) \times 10^{11} M\odot with a baryonic mass fraction fb = 0.08(\pm 0.01).Comment: 18 pages, 23 figure

Lesson Plan, U.S. History, 8th Grade

TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills): 8.6C-Causes and Effects of the Mexican-American War 8.29A- Primary sources on James K. Polk 8.29C-Maps and timeline of the Annexation of Texas, Mexican-American War, & Mexican Cession 4C demonstrate an understanding of the influence of one language and culture on another Lesson objective(s): 1. Students will need to understand the causes of the Mexican-American War 2. Students will need to analyze the dispute of the Texas boundary of Rio Grande River versus Mexico\u27s claim of the Nueces River from Treaty of Velasco. 3. Students will be able to identify political boundaries of the United States, Mexico, Rio Grande River and other geographic locations relevant to Manifest Destiny. Differentiation strategies to meet diverse learner needs: -Special population students will receive visual aids and modified vocabulary to bridge any learning gaps as per ELL strategies, Common Instructional Framework, or Sheltered Instruction or SIOP. -Honors students will be challenge to watch videos or read a primary source document

Involvement of Gap Junction Proteins in Infectious Diseases Caused by Parasites

Parasitic diseases affect low-income nations with health consequences that affect the economy of these countries. Research aimed at understanding their biology and identification of potential targets for drug development is of the highest priority. Inhibitors of channels formed by proteins of the gap junction family such as suramin and probenecid are currently used for treatment of parasitic diseases caused by pathogenic protozoan. Gap junction proteins are present in both vertebrates and invertebrates permitting direct and indirect cellular communication. These cellular specializations are formed by two protein families corresponding to connexins (vertebrates) and innexins (invertebrates). In addition, a third protein family composed by proteins denominated pannexins is present in vertebrates and shows primary sequence homology to innexins. Channels formed by these proteins are essential in many biological processes. Recent evidences suggest that gap junction proteins play a critical role in bacterial and viral infections. Nonetheless, little is known about the role of these channels in parasitic infections. In this chapter, we summarized the current knowledge about the role of gap junction family proteins and channels in parasitic infections

Circumnuclear Keplerian Disks in Galaxies

In this paper we demonstrate the possibility of inferring the presence of Keplerian gaseous disks using optical ground-based telescopes properly equipped. We have modeled the peculiar bidimensional shape of the emission lines in a sample of five S0-Sa galaxies as due to the motion of a gaseous disk rotating in the combined potential of a central point-like mass and of an extended stellar disk. The value of the central mass concentration estimated for four galaxies of the sample (NGC 2179, NGC 4343, NGC 4435 and NGC 4459) is ~10^9 Msolar. For the remaining galaxy NGC 5064 an upper limit of 5*10^7 Msolar is estimated.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, with 3 PostScript figures, Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal Letter

Elliptic billiard with harmonic potential: Classical description

The classical dynamics of the isotropic two-dimensional harmonic oscillator confined by an elliptic hard wall is discussed. The interplay between the harmonic potential with circular symmetry and the boundary with elliptical symmetry does not spoil the separability in elliptic coordinates; however, it generates non-trivial energy and momentum dependencies in the billiard. We analyze the equi-momentum surfaces in the parameters space and classify the kinds of motion the particle can have in the billiard. The winding numbers and periods of the rotational and librational trajectories are analytically calculated and numerically verified. A remarkable finding is the possibility of having degenerate rotational trajectories with the same energy but different second constant of motion and different caustics and periods. The conditions to get these degenerate trajectories are analyzed. Similarly, we show that obtaining two different rotational trajectories with the same period and second constant of motion but different energy is possible.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure

Multicolour-metallicity Relations from Globular Clusters in NGC 4486 (M87)

We present Gemini griz photometry for 521 globular cluster (GC) candidates in a 5.5 x 5.5 arcmin field centered 3.8 arcmin to the south and 0.9 arcmin to the west of the center of the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4486. All these objects have previously published (C-T1) photometry. We also present new (C-T1) photometry for 338 globulars, within 1.7 arcmin in galactocentric radius, which have (g-z) colors in the photometric system adopted by the Virgo Cluster Survey of the Advanced Camera for Surveys of the Hubble Space Telescope. These photometric data are used to define a self-consistent multicolor grid (avoiding polynomial fits) and preliminary calibrated in terms of two chemical abundance scales. The resulting multicolor color-chemical abundance relations are used to test GC chemical abundance distributions. This is accomplished by modelling the ten GC color histograms that can be defined in terms of the Cgriz bands. Our results suggest that the best fit to the GC observed color histograms is consistent with a genuinely bimodal chemical abundance distribution NGC(Z). On the other side, each (blue and red) GC subpopulation follows a distinct color-color relation.Comment: 12 pages, 21 figures, 8 tables. Accepted to be published in MNRA