El lenguaje de los media, una opci?n para implementar la capacidad lexica-ling??stica

126 p. Recurso Electr?nico?El lenguaje de los media, una opci?n para incrementar la capacidad l?xica - ling??stica. Un estudio de comprensi?n sobre fen?menos orales en el territorio escolar desde el proceso etnometodol?gico con estudiantes de segundo del Colegio Esp?ritu Santo Marianistas?, hace parte del trabajo que desarrolla el Semillero Lenguaje y Territorio Escolar. La investigaci?n toma la etnometodolog?a para describir y comprender los fen?menos orales que circulan en el territorio escolar, y a partir de ello, se realizara una propuesta pedag?gica y did?ctica para ampliar la capacidad l?xica ? ling??stica desde el lenguaje mediatizado, donde los mass media se constituyen en una parte importante de nuestra sociedad, de la informaci?n, del ocio, y como reflejo del mundo en el que vivimos. Las representaciones sociales se asumen como un tipo de conocimiento para interpretar comportamientos humanos en un espacio particular, permite hacer presente en la mente hechos de la vida cotidiana. La cultura escolar, es din?mica, construida desde la cotidianidad; trasciende el aula de clases y el contexto. La territorialidad se relaciona con lo espacial-temporal, lo material, lo simb?lico, las din?micas y relaciones sociales territoriales. Aqu? se hace referencia a la producci?n textual de los estudiantes y a la capacidad de preparaci?n en el discurso oral; en general, el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de las habilidades comunicativas que permitan superar dificultades en los comportamientos del habla dentro del contexto escolar. Las escuelas no reconocen sus espacios como parte de un territorio, excepto cuando se trata de malas noticias. Por lo tanto es pertinente investigar ?C?mo operan en la pr?ctica cotidiana, las diferentes representaciones sociales que se constituyen en un escenario de cultura escolar y c?mo los procesos sociales generan a su vez las territorialidades de la escuela y la construcci?n de comunidad educativa? El colegio, ofrece variedad de escenarios, con posibilidad para recrear diferentes acciones que potencialicen el conocimiento del ni?o. A pesar de esto, se encontr? con que la mayor parte del tiempo, los ni?os poco acceso tienen a estos lugares y posiblemente el uso inadecuado de algunas palabras, sea la respuesta a ese estado de quietud; teniendo en cuenta que son ni?os muy peque?os y requieren de variedad no solo en estrategias pedag?gicas sino en lugares que propicien su conocimiento. Se observa entonces que son muchos los ni?os que poseen aparatos electr?nicos que desde casa no son supervisados a la hora de utilizarlos y es all? cuando acceden a contenidos, quiz?, poco apropiados donde su lenguaje no cumple con las expectativas para su corta edad. Este proyecto aplica una serie de herramientas que evidenciaron el siguiente problema: ?C?mo interpretar fen?menos orales en el territorio escolar del Colegio ESP?RITU SANTO MARIANISTAS de Girardot desde el proceso etnometodol?gico para aumentar la capacidad del vocabulario y la fluidez ling??stica de los estudiantes del grado segundo? La investigaci?n es una mirada a la escuela desde el estudio etnometodol?gico para comprender y aportar a la comprensi?n de los fen?menos orales. En el ejercicio investigativo se busca develar la realidad aparente y as? fortalecer los procesos pedag?gicos con la participaci?n activa de los estamentos educativos en la cotidianidad escolar. El territorio de observaci?n y de proyecci?n fue el Colegio Esp?ritu Santo Marianistas del municipio de Girardot, Colombia, A?o 2012-2014, y se cont? con el apoyo de los estudiantes del grado 2?; y el aporte del semillero de Investigaci?n Lenguaje y Territorio Escolar."The language of the media, an option to increase vocabulary skills - language. A study of oral understanding phenomena in the school grounds from the ethnomethodological process with second graders from Esp?ritu Santo Marianistas School, "is part of the work that the Seed School Language and Territory. The research takes ethnomethodology to describe and understand the oral phenomena circulating in the school grounds, and from this, a pedagogical and didactic proposal to extend the vocabulary skills is conduct - language from the mediated language, where the mass media constitute an important part of our society, information, entertainment, and as a reflection of the world in which we live. Social representations are assumed to be a kind of knowledge to interpret human behavior in a particular space, allows this in mind facts of everyday life. The school culture is dynamic, built from everyday life; transcends the classroom and context. Territoriality is related to the spatial-temporal, material, symbolic, territorial dynamics and social relations. This reference to the textual production of students and preparedness capabilities in oral discourse is; in general, the development and strengthening of communication skills to overcome difficulties in speech behavior within the school context. Schools do not recognize their spaces as part of a territory, except when it comes to bad news. Therefore it is pertinent to investigate How operate in everyday practice, different social representations that constitute a scenario of school culture and how social processes generate turn territorialities school and school community building? The school offers a variety of scenarios, with the possibility to recreate different actions potentializing the child's knowledge. Despite this, he found that most of the time, children have little access to these places and possibly improper use of certain words, it is the response to that state of stillness; considering that children are very small and require not only variety in teaching strategies but in places that foster knowledge. Is then observed that many children have at home electronics that are not supervised when using them and that is when accessing content, perhaps unsuitable where language does not meet the expectations for his young age. This project uses a number of tools that showed the following problem: How to interpret oral phenomena in the school territory of the Esp?ritu Santo Marianistas Girardot College from ethnomethodological process to increase the ability of vocabulary and language proficiency of second graders? The research is a look at the school from the ethnomethodological study to understand and contribute to the understanding of oral phenomena. The research is being made to unravel the apparent reality and thus strengthen the educational process with the active participation of the educational institutions in school every day. The territory of observation and projection was the Esp?ritu Santo Marianistas College Township Girardot, Colombia, Year 2012-2014, and had the support of the 2nd graders; and the contribution of seedlings Language School Research and Planning

COLLAPSE OF THE ARECIBO OBSERVATORY IN PUERTO RICO: REFLECTIONS FROM A STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVE

The suspended platform of the Arecibo Observatory collapsed on December 1, 2020, after 57 years of illustrious service to the scientific community. This article reflects on the collapse from a structural engineering perspective.  It explores issues that most likely contributed, including the cable terminations and their performance under loading, corrosion, fatigue, safety factors, the dynamic demands on the remaining cables when one of them suddenly snaps, and the dynamics of the suspended platform during its pendular swing.  The article is based on publicly available reports from the news media, photographs, and published video recordings of the collapse sequence.  These were expanded with relevant studies collected from the literature and with publicly available technical reports from structural engineering consultants that evaluated the structure during its final months.  It is organized as a sequence of events, starting with the first cable failure on August 10, 2020, the second failure on November 6, 2020, and the final collapse.  Despite the limitations, it is concluded that corrosion does not seem to have played a significant role, and that the failure of the first cable was most likely due to flaws during the fabrication of the cable/socket connection.  These will be reviewed and updated once the forensic analyses of the failed elements are concluded and made public

Moderate phosphorus additions consistently affect community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador

Summary: Anthropogenic atmospheric deposition can increase nutrient supply in the most remoteecosystems, potentially affecting soil biodiversity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) com-munities rapidly respond to simulated soil eutrophication in tropical forests. Yet the limitedspatio-temporal extent of such manipulations, together with the often unrealistically high fer-tilization rates employed, impedes generalization of such responses. We sequenced mixed root AMF communities within a seven year-long fully factorial nitro-gen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition experiment, replicated at three tropical montane forestsin southern Ecuador with differing environmental characteristics. We hypothesized: strongshifts in community composition and species richness after long-term fertilization, site- andclade-specific responses to N vs P additions depending on local soil fertility and clade life his-tory traits respectively. Fertilization consistently shifted AMF community composition across sites, but only reducedrichness of Glomeraceae. Compositional changes were mainly driven by increases in P supplywhile richness reductions were observed only after combined N and P additions. We conclude that moderate increases of N and P exert a mild but consistent effect on tropi-cal AMF communities. To predict the consequences of these shifts, current results need to besupplemented with experiments that characterize local species-specific AMF functionalit

Psychometric properties of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-8 in two Spanish nonclinical samples

Background. The ATQ is a widely used instrument consisting of 30 items that assess the frequency of negative automatic thoughts. However, the extensive length of the ATQ could compromise its measurement efficiency in survey research. Consequently, an 8-item shortened version of the ATQ has been developed. This study aims to analyze the validity of the ATQ-8 in two Spanish samples. Method. The ATQ-8 was administered to a total sample of 1,148 participants (302 undergraduates and 846 general online population). To analyze convergent construct validity, the questionnaire package also included the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Revised (DAS-R), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Acceptance Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Generalized Pliance Questionnaire (GPQ), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). To analyze internal consistency, we computed Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the one-factor structure of the ATQ-8. In so doing, a robust diagonally weighted least square estimation method (Robust DWLS) was adopted using polychoric correlations. Afterward, we analyzed measurement invariance across samples, gender, groupage, and education level. Lastly, we evaluated convergent construct validity by computing Pearson correlations between the ATQ-8 and the remaining instruments. Results. The internal consistency across samples was adequate (alpha and omega D .89). The one-factor model demonstrated a good fit to the data (RMSEAD0.10, 90% CI [0.089, 0.112], CFID0.98, NNFID0.97, andSRMRD0.048). The ATQ-8 showed scalar metric invariance across samples, gender, groupage, and education level. The ATQ-8 scores were significantly associated with emotional symptoms (DASS-21), satisfaction with life (SWLS), dysfunctional schemas (DAS-R), cognitive fusion (CFQ), experiential avoidance (AAQ-II), and generalized pliance (GPQ). In conclusion, the Spanish version of the ATQ-8 demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in Spanish samples

Hydrogen bonds in the binding of some polyphenols from Quebracho (Schinopsis spp.) to soybean meal protein under in vitro ruminal conditions

The extent of binding to soya protein of a commercial tannin (Quebracho), its ethyl acetate extract, the major putative compound (fisetinidol-(4,8)-cathequin-(6,4)-fisetinidol), and the acetylated and methylated derivatives of the major latter was evaluated incubating them with soybean meal under in vitro ruminal conditions for 48h. The protein binding activity was estimated measuring changes in ammonia concentration when the tannin was incubated with soybean meal at a proportion of 8% of the dry weight. As compared to soybean meal alone (control), ammonia concentration decreased by 19, 27, and 31% for quebracho, the ethyl acetate extract of quebracho and the major compound, respectively, indicating concentration of the protein binding activity. Acetylation or methylation of the major compound resulted in corresponding decreases in the concentration of ammonia by 21 and 6%. This suggested that as the possibility of hydrogen bond formation decreases (being less with methylation than with acetylation), the binding to the protein is reduced but is not eliminated completely. Therefore, our hypothesis is that the main interactions between fisetinidol-(4,8)-cathequin-(6,4)-fisetinidol and soybean protein in an in vitro ruminal system are hydrogen bonds and that only a few hydrophobic interactions are present

Extraction of the frequency moments of spectral densities from imaginary-time correlation function data

We introduce an exact framework to compute the positive frequency moments $M^{(\alpha)}(\mathbf{q})=\braket{\omega^\alpha}$ of different dynamic properties from imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data. As a practical example, we obtain the first five moments of the dynamic structure factor $S(\mathbf{q},\omega)$ of the uniform electron gas at the electronic Fermi temperature based on \emph{ab initio} path integral Monte Carlo simulations. We find excellent agreement with known sum rules for $\alpha=1,3$, and, to our knowledge, present the first results for $\alpha=2,4,5$. Our idea can be straightforwardly generalized to other dynamic properties such as the single-particle spectral function $A(\mathbf{q},\omega)$, and will be useful for a number of applications, including the study of ultracold atoms, exotic warm dense matter, and condensed matter systems