Microbial Community Analysis During Start-up of Anaerobic Co-digestion Based on Quinone Profiles Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Quinone profile is well known as a useful tool for the analysis of microbial community dynamics in mixed cultures in terms of quantification, simplicity, and reproducibility. The application of quinone profile method in anaerobic digestion is to monitor and overcome instability during fermentation process. A lab-scale anaerobic digestion treating a mixture of milk cow manure (CM) and simulated food waste (FW) during start-up process at mesophilic conditions was used to monitor the change of microbial community dynamics and stability. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) experiments using CO2 and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was applied for extract and determination of ubiquinones (UQ) and menaquinones (MK) species. Quinone can be a helpful tool to make the link between microbial community and anaerobic digestion parameters in order to overcome digester instability during the start-up process

Median and range of the C-reactive protein concentrations in healthy dogs, and dogs with inflammation.

<p>Median and range of the C-reactive protein concentrations in healthy dogs, and dogs with inflammation.</p

Differences between assays in dogs with (n = 20) and without inflammation (n = 16).

<p>The plot shows median (line within box), 25th and 75th percentiles (box), 5th and 95th percentiles (whiskers). P value indicates statistically significant difference between assays.</p

Linearity range of the assays for canine CRP determination.

<p>A1: Olympus with sample 1; A2: Olympus with sample 2. B1: Avacta with sample 1; B2: Avacta with sample 2. C1: Gentian with sample 1; C2: Gentian with sample 2. D1: Fujifilm with sample 1 D2: Fujifilm with sample 2.</p

Coefficient of Spearman correlation between the heterologous assay and the homologous assays (n = 36).

<p>Coefficient of Spearman correlation between the heterologous assay and the homologous assays (n = 36).</p

Bland-Altman difference plot for C-reactive protein (CRP) with four assays.

<p>Bland-Altman difference plot for C-reactive protein (CRP) with four assays.</p

Qualitative detection of canine C-reactive protein (CRP) by Western blotting analysis.

<p>Lane 1: protein standard; Lane 2: human serum exposed to non denatured conditions; Lane 3: human serum exposed to denatured conditions; Lane 4: dog serum exposed to non denatured conditions; Lane 5: dog serum exposed to denatured conditions; Lane 6: purified canine CRP.</p