La teoría crítica de la Escuela de Frankfurt como proyecto histórico de racionalidad revolucionaria

Una síntesis de las disposiciones esenciales de la llamada Teoría Crítica de la Escuela de Frankfurt pone de relieve la relevancia y persistencia de la noción de dialéctica de la Ilustración, por la que se manifiesta, como carácter constitutivo de la cultura moderna, el enlace entre racionalización productiva y deformación instrumentalista de las relaciones sociales. Al mismo tiempo, la forma dialéctica de las categorías de la Ilustración propicia el desvanecimiento de las teorizaciones críticas comprometidas con la reformulación de los ideales ilustrados. A partir de las condiciones epistemológicas establecidas por el desarrollo de dicha dialéctica, la restauración de las condiciones de posibilidad de la Teoría Crítica implica la conexión sistemática de una actitud materialista y hermenéutica en el análisis de la determinación histórica del conocimiento. El concepto de interés histórico coadyuva a la elaboración de dicha posibilidad, abriendo espacios de reflexión para el replanteamiento revolucionario de la Teoría Crítica, recuperando la noción extrema de experiencia histórica formulada por los autores más significativos del proyecto original de aquélla.The synthesis of the Critical Theory’s called essentials shapes shows the remaining and relevance of the Enlightment Dialectic’s notion. With this we can notice the relation between productive rationalization and social relations’ instrumental deformation, as constitutive character of modern culture. At time, the dialectic nature of Enlightment’s categories propitiates a melting of critical theorizations engaged with reformulated Enlightments’s ideals. This dialectic establishes some epistemologic conditions for the restoration of Critical Theory’s posibilities conditions. Around these, we feel necessary a sistematic connection among materialist and hermenutic attitude on the analysis of knowledge’s historic determination. Historic interest’s concept allows the elaboration of that alternative, opening ways of reflection to Critical Theory’s revolutionary restating. This objective requires the recovering of historic experience’s extreme notion, formulated by original project of that’s most significative authors

La postmodernidad según Platón

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¡La imaginación, al poder!

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Un fantasma recorre la dialéctica de la ilustración

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Physical self-concept and sports practice in Bíobio (Chile) students

Los objetivos de este estudio son evaluar la realización de actividades físicas o deportivas extraescolares y su frecuencia en estudiantes chilenos, y si llevar a cabo tales actividades introduce diferencias en las diversas dimensiones del autoconcepto físico. Participan 761 estudiantes (universitarios, de enseñanza media y de enseñanza básica), chicos y chicas, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 34 años, procedentes de varias ciudades de la región del Bíobio (Chile). Se evalúan la práctica de actividades físicas o deportivas, la frecuencia de la misma y las dimensiones del autoconcepto físico, empleando para ello el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF). Se realizan análisis de frecuencias y de contraste de medias para muestras independientes. Los resultados muestran que el 21.4% de los participantes no realizan actividades físico-deportivas fuera de las horas de clase, que solo el 13% realizan tales actividades más de cinco días a la semana y que quienes llevan a cabo esas actividades extraescolares tienen puntuaciones medias más altas en todas las variables evaluadas con el CAF que quienes no las realizan. Las diferencias de medias son estadísticamente significativas. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que realizar actividades físicas y deportivas extraescolares introduce diferencias en el autoconcepto físico y sus dimensiones. Se realizan, finalmente, algunas propuestas de mejora a tener en cuenta en futuros trabajos.The objectives of this study are to evaluate the performance of physical or extracurricular sports activities and their frequency in Chilean students, and if performing these activities may introduce differences in the various dimensions of physical self-concept . 761 students were involved (college, high school and elementary school), boys and girls, aged between 12 and 34 years, from various cities in the region of Biobío (Chile). Using the Questionnaire Physical Self-concept (CAF), the practice of physical and sports activities were evaluated as well as the frequency of the same and the dimensions of physical self-concept. Frequency analysis and comparison of means for independent samples were performed. The results show that 21.4% of participants did not perform physical and sports activities outside school hours, only 13% made such activities more than five days a week and those who carry out these extracurricular activities have higher scores in all variables with the CAF than those who do not perform. The differences are statistically significant. The results obtained indicate that performing physical activities and extracurricular sports make differences in physical self-concept and its dimensions. Some improvement proposal are done in order to be considerated in future works

Análise das razöes para praticar, ou não, atividades físicas extracurriculares e sua relação com a autoconceito físico em estudantes chilenos

Las relaciones entre la práctica de actividad física y autoconcepto han sido establecidas en diversos estudios. Los objetivos fueron: describir la práctica deportiva extracurricular y los motivos para realizarla o no; analizar las relaciones entre los motivos para practicar actividades físicas extracurriculares y las dimensiones del autoconcepto físico, y evaluar si esta práctica introducía diferencias en el autoconcepto físico. Participaron 1773 estudiantes chilenos. Se emplearon el CAF y un cuestionario sobre práctica deportiva y motivos elaborado ad hoc. Los resultados indicaron que la cuarta parte de los participantes no realizaba actividad física. Los motivos alegados eran la falta de tiempo y de ganas. Quienes sí practicaban lo hacían como fuente de salud, para estar en forma o por diversión. Los motivos para la práctica se relacionaban con todas las dimensiones del autoconcepto físico. El hecho de hacer actividades extracurriculares de tipo físico introdujo diferencias en las dimensiones del autoconcepto físico.The relationship between physical activity and self-concept have been established in several studies. The objectives were to describe extracurricular sports practice and the reasons for it or not; to analyze relationships between the reasons to practice extracurricular physical activities and dimensions of physical self, and to assess whether this practice introduced differences in physical self-concept. 1773 Chilean students participated. CAF were used and a questionnaire on sports practice and reasons developed ad hoc. The results indicated that a quarter of the participants did not perform physical activity. The reasons given were lack of time and lack of interest. Those who do practiced did so as a source of health, for fitness or for fun. The reasons for the practice were related to all dimensions of physical self-concept. The fact of doing physical extracurricular activities introduced differences in the dimensions of physical self-concept.A relação entre atividade física e autoconceito foram estabelecidas em vários estudos. Os objetivos foram descrever a prática esportiva extracurriculares e os motivos para realizá-la ou não; analisar as relações entre os motivos para a prática de atividades físicas extracurriculares e as dimensões do autoconceito físico, e avaliar se esta prática introduziu diferenças na autoconceito físico. 1773 estudantes chilenos participaram. CAF foram usados e um questionário sobre esportes e motivos desenvolveu ad hoc. Os resultados indicaram que um quarto dos participantes não realizar atividade física. As razões apontadas foram a falta de tempo e vontade. Aqueles que praticam o que eles fizeram como uma fonte de saúde, para estar em boa forma e por diversão. Os motivos para a prática foram relacionados a todas as dimensões do autoconceito físico. O ato de fazer tipo físico de atividades extracurriculares introduziu diferenças nas dimensões do autoconceito físico

Nuclear matter from the ladder resummation in terms of the experimental nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitudes

Infinite nuclear matter is studied by resuming the series of ladder diagrams based on the results developed by us [Ann. Phys. (NY) 437, 168741 (2022)]. The master formula for the energy density is explicitly solved for the case of contact interactions, within a pionless description of the nucleon-nucleon interactions. Renormalized results are obtained which are directly expressed in terms of the nucleon-nucleon phase shifts and mixing angles in partial-wave amplitudes up to and including G waves, with convergence reached under the inclusion of higher partial waves. The energy per particle, density, and sound velocity resulting from the ladder series are given for symmetric and neutron matter. This resummation of the ladder diagrams provides a rigorous result that may be used as low-density reference for other parametrizations of ¯¯¯E for higher densities.Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciónEuropean Commissio

Ultracold spin-balanced fermionic quantum liquids with renormalized P-wave interactions

We consider a spin-balanced degenerate gas of spin-1/2 fermions whose dynamics is governed by low-energy P-wave interactions characterized by the scattering volume a1 and effective momentum r1. The energy per particle ¯¯¯E in the many-body system is calculated by resumming the ladder diagrams comprising both particle-particle and hole-hole intermediate states, following the novel advances recently developed by us in Ann. Phys. (NY) 437, 168741 (2022). This allows us to obtain a renormalized result for ¯¯¯E within generic cutoff regularization schemes, with ¯¯¯E directly expressed in terms of the scattering parameters a1 and r1, once the cutoff is sent to infinity. The whole set of possible values of a1 and r1 is explored, looking for minima in the energy per particle with ¯¯¯E given as described. They are actually found, but a further inspection reveals that the associated scattering parameters give rise to resonance poles in the complex momentum plane with positive imaginary part, which is at odds with the Hermiticity of the Hamiltonian. We also determine that these conflictive poles, with a pole-position momentum that is smaller in absolute value than the Fermi momentum of the system, clearly impact the calculation of ¯¯¯E. As a result, we conclude that unpolarized spin-1/2 fermionic normal matter interacting in P-wave is not stable. We also study three universal parameters around the unitary limit. Finally, the whole set of values for the parameters a1, r1 is characterized according to whether they give rise to unallowed poles and, if so, by attending to their pole positions relative to the Fermi momentum of the system explored.Agencia Estatal de Investigació

Ladder resummation of spin 1/2 fermion many-body systems with arbitrary partial-wave content

We resum the ladder diagrams for the calculation of the en ergy density E of a spin 1/2 fermion many-body system in terms of arbitrary vacuum two-body scattering amplitudes. The partial-wave decomposition of the in-medium two-body scatter ing amplitudes is developed, and the expression for calculating E in a partial-wave amplitude expansion is also given. The case of contact interactions is completely solved for any con tent in partial waves and it is shown to provide renormalized results, expressed directly in terms of scattering data parameters, within cutoff regularization in a wide class of schemes. The S- and P-wave interactions are considered up to including the first three-terms in the effective-range expansion, paying special attention to the parametric region around the unitary limitAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónEuropean Commissio

Educación para la salud sexual Del enamoramiento al aborto Un estudio cualitativo con adolescentes españoles e inmigrantes

El propósito de este estudio es analizar cómo viven su sexualidad adolescentes españoles e inmigrados para orientar nuevos programas de educación sexual. El enfoque de investigación ha sido cualitativo; se utilizaron principios asociados a la etnografía focalizada. La muestra se conformó con 80 adolescentes de ocho nacionalidades diferentes. Los datos se recogieron a través de una entrevista con preguntas abiertas y planteamiento de dilemas. Para el análisis de los datos se identificó un sistema de categorías. Los principales resultados son: la forma de vivir la sexualidad está relacionada con el género y el grupo étnico-cultural; se requiere plantear una educación sexual entendida como educación para la salud sexual, en la que además de los fundamentos biológicos y de prevención, se logre incidir y potenciar la educación de las emociones, sentimientos, actitudes y conductas responsables, en definitiva: una educación integral.The purpose of this study is to analyze how Spanish and immigrant teenagers live their sexuality, so as to better target new sex-education programs. The research approach was qualitative; principles associated with targeted ethnography were used. The sample consisted of 80 adolescents from eight different nationalities. Data was collected through an interview with open questions, along with problem-solving dilemmas. A category system was designed for the analysis of the data. The main results are: sexual experience is related to gender and the ethnic-cultural group; sexual education should be promoted as sexual health, a program through which not only biological fundamentals is included, but which also covers and enhances education with regard to the emotions, feelings, attitudes, and to responsible behavior, in short: a complete educational program