2,057 research outputs found
Effect of moderate hydrostatic pressures on the enzymatic activity and bioactive composition of pineapple by-products
Special Issue Original ArticleThe application of abiotic stresses by moderate hydrostatic pressures (MHP) is still
underdeveloped. Abiotic stresses allow activating the enzymatic complexes inducing
the synthesis of de novo bioactive compounds. Pineapple by-products are rich in bromelain
and bioactive compounds that can be enhanced through abiotic stresses. The
aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MHP on the enzymatic activity of
pineapple by-products. Pineapple by-products were submitted to MHP (50–400 MPa
between 1 and 15 min) according to a central composite factorial design matrix. Samples
were stored at 5 ± 1 C for 24 hr, to allow enzymatic activity to occur. Enzymatic
and antioxidant activities and total phenolic compounds (TPC) were quantified. MHP
promoted a 262% increase in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and 36%
increase in TPC, in shell samples. In core the activity of bromelain increased 350%.
These results pinpoint the potential to increase the value of pineapple by-products
by enhancing the amounts of bioactive compounds through MHP applicationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Regression-based Deep-Learning predicts molecular biomarkers from pathology slides
Deep Learning (DL) can predict biomarkers from cancer histopathology. Several
clinically approved applications use this technology. Most approaches, however,
predict categorical labels, whereas biomarkers are often continuous
measurements. We hypothesized that regression-based DL outperforms
classification-based DL. Therefore, we developed and evaluated a new
self-supervised attention-based weakly supervised regression method that
predicts continuous biomarkers directly from images in 11,671 patients across
nine cancer types. We tested our method for multiple clinically and
biologically relevant biomarkers: homologous repair deficiency (HRD) score, a
clinically used pan-cancer biomarker, as well as markers of key biological
processes in the tumor microenvironment. Using regression significantly
enhances the accuracy of biomarker prediction, while also improving the
interpretability of the results over classification. In a large cohort of
colorectal cancer patients, regression-based prediction scores provide a higher
prognostic value than classification-based scores. Our open-source regression
approach offers a promising alternative for continuous biomarker analysis in
computational pathology
Evaluation of the pharmacotherapeutic profile of HIV/AIDS bearers
In this work was evaluated the pharmacotherapeutic profile of HIV/AIDS bearers registered in the Service of Specialized Attendance located in Campina Grande–PB, Brazil. The research was of the type traverse, documental, descriptive and analytical and was realized in the period of August to October 2010. Were appraised the patient records of 188 people being 66 % males and 34% females. The most part (36 %) just studied the education fundamental level and presented age group between 40-49 years old. Antiretrovirals more prescribed were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Schemes no recommended by the Ministry of Health also were evidenced. The Negative Results associated to the use of medicine was registered in the three supra-categories. It is necessary a larger integration of the multidisciplinary team of prescribers (physicians and dentists) and pharmacists in the evaluation of the pharmacotherapy to guarantee the reduction of the morbidity and the presence of opportunists infections, guaranteeing so a better surviving for the seropositive patients.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire
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International survey on invasive lobular breast cancer identifies priority research questions
There is growing awareness of the unique etiology, biology, and clinical presentation of invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC), but additional research is needed to ensure translation of findings into management and treatment guidelines. We conducted a survey with input from breast cancer physicians, laboratory-based researchers, and patients to analyze the current understanding of ILC, and identify consensus research questions. 1774 participants from 66 countries respondents self-identified as clinicians (N = 413), researchers (N = 376), and breast cancer patients and advocates (N = 1120), with some belonging to more than one category. The majority of physicians reported being very/extremely (41%) to moderately (42%) confident in describing the differences between ILC and invasive breast cancer of no special type (NST). Knowledge of histology was seen as important (73%) and as affecting treatment decisions (51%), and most agreed that refining treatment guidelines would be valuable (76%). 85% of clinicians have never powered a clinical trial to allow subset analysis for histological subtypes, but the majority would consider it, and would participate in an ILC clinical trials consortium. The majority of laboratory researchers, reported being and very/extremely (48%) to moderately (29%) confident in describing differences between ILC and NST. They reported that ILCs are inadequately presented in large genomic data sets, and that ILC models are insufficient. The majority have adequate access to tissue or blood from patients with ILC. The majority of patients and advocates (52%) thought that their health care providers did not sufficiently explain the unique features of ILC. They identified improvement of ILC screening/early detection, and identification of better imaging tools as top research priorities. In contrast, both researchers and clinicians identified understanding of endocrine resistance and identifying novel drugs that can be tested in clinical trials as top research priority. In summary, we have gathered information from an international community of physicians, researchers, and patients/advocates that we expect will lay the foundation for a community-informed collaborative research agenda, with the goal of improving management and personalizing treatment for patients with ILC
Recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for patients with metastatic cancers: a report from the ESMO Precision Medicine Working Group
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows sequencing of a high number of nucleotides in a short time frame at an affordable cost. While this technology has been widely implemented, there are no recommendations from scientific societies about its use in oncology practice. The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) is proposing three levels of recommendations for the use of NGS. Based on the current evidence, ESMO recommends routine use of NGS on tumour samples in advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), prostate cancers, ovarian cancers and cholangiocarcinoma. In these tumours, large multigene panels could be used if they add acceptable extra cost compared with small panels. In colon cancers, NGS could be an alternative to PCR. In addition, based on the KN158 trial and considering that patients with endometrial and small-cell lung cancers should have broad access to anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD1) antibodies, it is recommended to test tumour mutational burden (TMB) in cervical cancers, well- and moderately-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours, salivary cancers, thyroid cancers and vulvar cancers, as TMB-high predicted response to pembrolizumab in these cancers. Outside the indications of multigene panels, and considering that the use of large panels of genes could lead to few clinically meaningful responders, ESMO acknowledges that a patient and a doctor could decide together to order a large panel of genes, pending no extra cost for the public health care system and if the patient is informed about the low likelihood of benefit. ESMO recommends that the use of off-label drugs matched to genomics is done only if an access programme and a procedure of decision has been developed at the national or regional level. Finally, ESMO recommends that clinical research centres develop multigene sequencing as a tool to screen patients eligible for clinical trials and to accelerate drug development, and prospectively capture the data that could further inform how to optimise the use of this technology
A high-resolution integrated analysis of genetic and expression profiles of breast cancer cell lines
Integrated Functional, Gene Expression and Genomic Analysis for the Identification of Cancer Targets
The majority of new drug approvals for cancer are based on existing therapeutic targets. One approach to the identification of novel targets is to perform high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi) cellular viability screens. We describe a novel approach combining RNAi screening in multiple cell lines with gene expression and genomic profiling to identify novel cancer targets. We performed parallel RNAi screens in multiple cancer cell lines to identify genes that are essential for viability in some cell lines but not others, suggesting that these genes constitute key drivers of cellular survival in specific cancer cells. This approach was verified by the identification of PIK3CA, silencing of which was selectively lethal to the MCF7 cell line, which harbours an activating oncogenic PIK3CA mutation. We combined our functional RNAi approach with gene expression and genomic analysis, allowing the identification of several novel kinases, including WEE1, that are essential for viability only in cell lines that have an elevated level of expression of this kinase. Furthermore, we identified a subset of breast tumours that highly express WEE1 suggesting that WEE1 could be a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. In conclusion, this strategy represents a novel and effective strategy for the identification of functionally important therapeutic targets in cancer
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